内保温构造技术在豫南农村住宅中的适用性研究

基于新农村住宅建设现状和地域气候条件、室内节能舒适要求、建筑用能方式以及经济发展水平等因素,分析论证墙体内保温构造技术在豫南地区的适候性及性能优势.对于常用的黏土空心砖外墙体,通过建立热工学计算模型,得出了满足规范要求的墙体传热系数、内保温构造所需的饰面石膏聚苯板保温层材料厚度和墙体内部蒸汽分压力分布图.当住宅建筑体形系数≤0.4时,15mm厚的保温材料层即可满足规范要求;当住宅建筑体型系数0.4时,45mm厚的保温材料层可满足规范要求,并且墙体内部不会产生冷凝,不需设置隔汽层,从而达到节能舒适的室内热环境设计要求及良好的施工经济性.     

Improving thermal insulation of TC4 using YSZ-based coating and SiO2 aerogel

In this paper, air plasmas spray(APS) was used to prepare YSZ and Sc2O3–YSZ(Sc YSZ) coating in order to improve the thermal insulation ability of TC4 alloy. Si O2 aerogel was also synthesized and affixed on TC4 titanium alloy to inhabit thermal flow. The microstructures, phase compositions and thermal insulation performance of three coatings were analyzed in detail. The results of thermal diffusivity test by a laser flash method showed that the thermal diffusivities of YSZ, Sc2O3–YSZ and Si O2 aerogel are 0.553, 0.539 and 0.2097 10 6m2/s, respectively. Then,the thermal insulation performances of three kinds of coating were investigated from 20 1C to 400 1C using high infrared radiation heat flux technology. The experimental results indicated that the corresponding temperature difference between the top TC4 alloy(400 1C) and the bottom surface of YSZ is 41.5 1C for 0.6 mm thickness coating. For 1 mm thickness coating, the corresponding temperature difference between the top TC4 alloys(400 1C) and the bottom surface of YSZ, Sc YSZ, Si O2 aerogel three specimens is 54, 54.6 and 208 1C, respectively. The coating thickness and species were found to influence the heat insulation ability. In these materials, YSZ and Sc YSZ exhibited a little difference for heat insulation behavior. However, Si O2 aerogel was the best one among them and it can be taken as protection material on TC4 alloys. In outer space,Si O2 aerogel can meet the need of thermal insulation of TC4 of high-speed aircraft.     

自保温再生混凝土的配合比优化设计

研究了不同再生细骨料取代率和玻化微珠体积掺量对再生保温混凝土性能的影响.对28 d龄期各组试块的立方体抗压强度、导热系数和密度进行了测试,对试验结果进行了分析,综合28 d立方体抗压强度和导热系数两个指标对自保温再生混凝土的配合比进行了优化.结果表明:随玻化微珠体积掺量增加,28 d立方体抗压强度、导热系数和密度均降低;再生细骨料取代率和玻化微珠体积掺量同28 d立方体抗压强度、导热系数和密度的关系可由多项式拟合;再生细骨料取代率为50%、玻化微珠体积掺量为110%时的配合比为优化配合比.     

木质素废旧聚氨酯制备轻型阻燃保温材料试验

按配比加入酚醛树脂、阻燃剂、发泡剂、乳化剂、碱木质素、液化废旧聚氨酯,制成木质素废旧聚氨酯.试验结果表明:随着固化剂的增加,固化时间缩短,表观密度增加,抗压强度增强,泡沫质量较好;加入次磷酸铝和二乙基次磷酸铝能明显改善酚醛树脂的阻燃性,加入5 g次磷酸铝和二乙基次磷酸铝时效果最好.这种轻型阻燃保温材料具有酚醛树脂泡沫的优点,同时由于添加了木质素提高了阻燃性.采用废旧聚氨酯作为添加成分,可以大大减少生产成本,保护环境,提高了资源的利用率.     

薄抹灰EPS保温板外墙保温施工工艺

文章主要从EPS保温系统的特点、原材料的质量要求、施工步骤及施工注意事项几个方面进行阐述,以供同行参考。     

Flame spread over the surface of thermal insulation materials in different environments

Experiments were conducted in a plateau area in Lhasa and a plain area in Hefei China to investigate the flame spread characteristics on thermal insulation materials under different environmental conditions (pressure and oxygen concentration).Molded polystyrene foam (EPS) and extruded polystyrene foam (XPS) samples were placed horizontally on a small-scale flame spread experimental bench.Changes in the average length of the pool fire,flame spread speed,average flame height,and length of preheating zone were used to determine the effect of the plateau and plain environments on flame spread characteristics.These parameters were all larger in Hefei than in Lhasa,which indicates the fire hazard in Hefei will be higher than that in Lhasa if insulation materials of the same size are used.     

几种生物质材料的保温节能性能分析

本文实测了锯末、谷糠、花生壳等几种农林加工"废弃物"以及保温砂浆颗粒的导热系数,比较了几种生物质材料、复合保温材料与石化保温材料的导热系数等热工特性,讨论了生物质材料用于中国农村建筑保温隔热的方法及节能减排潜力.中国是个农业大国,在农村建筑保温节能中因地制宜使用生物质材料,效益显著,潜力巨大.     

太阳辐射试验室建筑保温对空调负荷和能耗影响研究

根据某大型太阳辐射试验室的设计条件,采用计算机数值模拟方法,对建筑保温性能与空调负荷和能耗的关系进行分析,研究结果表明,由于试验灯具的发热量很大,即使在冬季工况,需要的供冷量仍然较大,而需要的加热量较小,建筑保温性能增强会使空调加热能耗减少,但却会使空调冷却能耗增加,因此盲目增加保温厚度,不仅会使建筑保温的一次投资增加,而且会使空调总能耗增加.对于所研究对象,当建筑围护结构聚氨酯泡沫保温层的厚度大于100mm时,保温层厚度增加会使空调总能耗增加,保温层的合理厚度为100mm.这些研究结果为同类建筑保温设计提供了重要依据.     

我国节能墙体保温系统发展与展望

简述了外墙保温系统的发展历程,并对外墙外保温系统型式进行阐述,结合新型高效的保温材料的开发和应用,外墙外保温系统的应用会更加广泛。     

集中供热工程预制直埋保温管接头保温的施工工艺

简述了热力管道保温的必要性,介绍了热力管道的保温方式及预制直埋保温管的组成,探讨了集中供热施工现场中的预制直埋保温管接头保温的施工工艺和方法。