真蓝甲藻(Gymnodinium eucyanochroum Tseng Sp.nov.)的亚微结构、色素性质及其在藻类进化中的意义

本文报告了在南京发现的蓝色裸甲藻,测定了它的藻胆色素。证明蓝色藻胆蛋白不是山“胞内蓝藻”(Cyanellen)所提供。电子显微镜的扫描表明细胞表面有众多的突起,不是光滑的;横沟内的鞭毛不是“带状”而是由细纤维丝膜状物拉着的螺旋形。透视电子显微镜观察表明,该藻有两个类型的细胞核,即“甲藻核结构”(Dinocaryotic structure)和“真核结构”,(Eucaryotic Structure),真核与叶绿体有一个共同的膜的包被,有一个与原生动物相近似的伸缩泡系统。叶绿体是分枝状,在细胞的边缘位,但也有其它形态。有淀粉颗粒而无“造粉核”或称”“蛋白核”(Pyrenoid),多数位于叶绿体外或之间,类囊体与一般甲藻不同,不是三个排成一条“带”而是两个排列成“带”。有发达的线粒体,和高尔基体;鞭毛不论纵沟内的或横沟内的,其横切面,均为9+2的形式,其纵切面是由纤维丝成束的结构。蓝色色素提取物,可见光最大吸收峰为456nm,与隐藻藻胆色素十分相似。从细胞亚微结构及其色素性质,作者认为它是藻类演化过程中的一个中间类型的甲藻共生体。     

动物血清刺激下的有毒甲藻生长研究

目前有关Pfiesteria piscicidaSte ind inger et Burkholder的摄食行为研究已有相当多的报道,然而这种生物是如何应用蛋白的还没有人做过研究.我们研究了P.piscicida依赖于血清蛋白的生长能力,发现不管添不添加其捕食者Rhodom onassp.,仅仅1 h后,添加了动物血清的实验组就比未添加血清的对照组显示出明显出更快的生长速率,这种活跃的生长至少持续了4 h.当添加了异硫氰酸荧光素的共扼免疫蛋白后,在P.piscicida的细胞中检测到了荧光;第1个小时只能检测到微弱的荧光,此后荧光逐渐增强,到3~4h达到最强.此外,我们还进一步通过蛋白质印迹法来验证P.piscicida细胞对血清蛋白质的吸收.本研究首次提供了沟鞭藻能够消化利用蛋白质的直接证据,并且发现P.piscicida生长响应与动物蛋白的添加几乎是同步的.尽管细胞快速生长机制还有待进一步研究,但我们的发现可能解释了P.piscicida是如何得益于其吞噬摄食方式及如何在鱼类出现时作出快速反应的.     

长江口及其邻近海域近代沉积物中甲藻孢囊的垂直分布

于2005年4～5月,在长江口外及浙江中南部海域设置5个采样站点,获取了15～40 cm的沉积物柱状样,分层研究了甲藻(dinoflagellates)孢囊的垂直分布.在本研究中共鉴定出46种甲藻孢囊,其中自养型19种,异养型27种.长江口海域复杂的流系特征及环境状况对孢囊分布有明显影响,致使孢囊丰度较低,平均丰度为366.2cysts·g-1,且无明显垂直分布规律.锥状斯氏藻孢囊是最为丰富的自养型甲藻孢囊,平均质量分数介于17.0%～28.9%;异养型甲藻孢囊以原多甲藻属为主,平均质量分数为29.5%～53.6%,其它类型孢囊仅零星分布.有毒藻亚历山大藻孢囊在各站位均有分布,但丰度较低,最高值仅为68.1 cysts·g-1.     

南麂列岛海域硅藻和甲藻群落的分布特征

于2006年4月~2007年3月采集浙江南麂列岛海域水样,研究了硅藻和甲藻群落在该海域的种类组成、生态分布特征和季节动态.共鉴定浮游植物93种,其中硅藻35属68种,甲藻11属21种.南麂海域浮游植物细胞丰度较高,年平均细胞丰度达到3.19105cellsL-1.硅藻集群的高峰区主要集中在夏季和秋季,细胞在表层水体的含量高于底层水体,调查期间共记录硅藻赤潮事件1起,发生于2006年8月,优势种类是中肋骨条藻.甲藻赤潮仅在春季（5月）发生,优势种类为原甲藻种类,包括三角棘原甲藻和东海原甲藻,分别在5月中旬和5月下旬先后引发赤潮,甲藻在表层水体含量高于底层水体.     

动物血清刺激下的有毒甲藻生长研究

目前有关Pfiesteria piscicida Steindinger et Burkholder的摄食行为研究已有相当多的报道，然而这种生物是如何应用蛋白的还没有人做过研究．我们研究了P．piscicida依赖于血清蛋白的生长能力，发现不管添不添加其捕食者Rhodomonas sp．，仅仅1h后，添加了动物血清的实验组就比未添加血清的对照组显示出明显出更快的生长速率，这种活跃的生长至少持续了4h．当添加了异硫氰酸荧光素的共扼免疫蛋白后，在P．piscicida的细胞中检测到了荧光；第1个小时只能检测到微弱的荧光。此后荧光逐渐增强，到3～4h达到最强．此外．我们还进一步通过蛋白质印迹法来验证P．piscicida细胞对血清蛋白质的吸收．本研究首次提供了沟鞭藻能够消化利用蛋白质的直接证据，并且发现P．piscicida生长响应与动物蛋白的添加几乎是同步的．尽管细胞快速生长机制还有待进一步研究。但我们的发现可能解释了P．piscicida是如何得益于其吞噬摄食方式及如何在鱼类出现时作出快速反应的．     

Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary in northeastern China: placement based on buchiid bivalves and dinoflagellate cysts

Global environments changed greatly during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, particularly during the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary interval. Separation of the world into Tethyan, Boreal and other biogeographic realms complicates international correlation, and even the pelagic ammonites cannot play their characteristic role of principle correlation criteria. In the Boreal and North Pacific realms, the Late Jurassic and Cretaceous buchiid bivalve zones have very good calibration to Boreal ammonite zones, which, in turn, have approximate correlations to Tethyan ammonite zones. Therefore, buchiid bivalves provide a means to identify Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous stages and the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary interval. The base of the Buchia unschensis Zone is roughly coincident with the Boreal ammonite Craspedites exoticus subzone, Upper Volgian Craspedites okensis Zone, which in turn closely corresponds to the base of the Tethyan ammonite basal Berriasian Berriasella jacobi Zone. The top of the underlying Buchia russiensis Zone approximately coincides with that of the uppermost Middle Volgian, Boreal ammonite Epivirgatites variabilis Zone, which approximately corresponds to the Tethyan ammonite Durangites Zone of uppermost Tithonian. Buchia and dinoflagellate cyst assemblages from two regions in eastern Heilongjiang of northeastern China indicate the presence of the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary interval. The Dong’anzhen Formation of Dong’an, Raohe County contains Middle Volgian-Lower Valanginian Buchia assemblages and the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary is tentatively assigned to either the base of the Buchia fischeriana-Buchia unschensis assemblage or between the Buchia fischeriana-Buchia unschensis and Buchia russiensis-Buchia fischeriana assemblages. The Dongrong Formation from boreholes at Suibin, Suibin County, yields uppermost Oxfordian to basal Berriasian Buchia assemblages and Oxfordian-Barremian dinoflagellate cyst assemblages. Here, the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary interval is probably between the Buchia cf. mosquensis-Buchia cf. rugosa assemblage (including Buchia ex gr. russiensis and Buchia ex gr. taimyrensis) and the overlying non-Buchia-bearing deposits.     

The oldest known dinoflagellates： Morphological and molecular evidence from Mesoproterozoic rocks at Yongji, Shanxi Province

Abundant and well-preserved organic-walled microfossils including acanthomorphic acritarchs have been found in Mesoproterozoic Beidajian Formation in the Yongji area of Shanxi Province, North China. The morphological and ultrastructural features of these acanthomorphic acritarchs resemble living dinofiagellates (e.g. double-walled and polygonal structures), which leads to the interpretation of these fossils as probably the oldest dinofiagellates. The detection of dinosterane, a dinofiagellate biomarker, from pyrolytic product of these fossils further supports the morphological inference. This finding is consistent with molecular clock estimate that dinofiagellates may have diverged 700 to 900 million years (Ma) before previously known fossil record.     

赤潮甲藻分类学方法研究（一）─—有壳甲藻甲片的解离、染色及观察

比较研究了有壳甲藻甲片的处理和观察方法，包括２种甲片分离法：壳壁剥离法和原生质去除法；５种甲片染色法：锥虫蓝法、固绿法、Ｉ＿２－ＨＩ－水合氯醛法、Ｉ＿２－ＫＩ－水合氯醛法和荧光染色法。发现用荧光染色和经壳壁剥离法处理后用Ｉ＿２－ＫＩ－水合氯醛染色液染色的样品，观察效果最好。     

海洋浮游植物休眠期的生态学研究

休眠期是甲藻和硅藻抵御外界不利环境条件的一种有效的生理反应机制，也是许多赤潮藻生活史中的一个重要生活阶段．从生态分布、生态作用尤其是在赤潮生消过程中的作用等角度简述了海洋浮游甲藻和硅藻休眠期的生态学的研究情况，并对二者的生态学特征进行比较．甲藻孢囊和硅藻休止细胞在海洋沉积物中的丰度有明显差别，前者较后者具有更明显的季节性萌发能力．温度和光照是影响二者萌发的重要生态因子，温度是甲藻孢囊萌发不可或缺的因素，而光照是硅藻休止细胞萌发的触发因子．二者在种源策略和生态特征上的差异导致了不同的群落演替模式和引发藻华的机制．     

Middle-Late Jurassic marine dinoflagellate cysts from the eastern Qiangtang Basin in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

Dinoflagellate cysts from two Middle-Late Jurassic sections in the Wenquan and Yanshiping regions of the Qiangtang Basin comprise 24 genera and 36 species including one new taxon of the genus Tenua. Based on their stratigraphic distribution, six assemblage zones are recognized in ascending order as follows: 1) Tubotuberella egemenii Zone, probably Callovian, in the mid-upper part of the Xiali Formation; 2) Pareodinia ceratophora Zone, probably Oxfordian, in the lower part of the Suowa Formation; 3) Batiacasphaera floralis Zone, probably Oxfordian, in the middle part of the Suowa Formation; 4) Amphorula metaelliptica Zone, probably Early Kimmeridgian, in the upper part of the Suowa Formation; 5) Alisocysta spp. Zone, probably Early Kimmeridgian, in the base of the Xueshan Formation; 6) Tenua wenquanensis sp. nov. -Dichadogonyaulax schizoblata Zone, probably Late Kimmeridgian-Tithonian, in the lower part of the Xueshan Formation. Based on our analysis the Jurassic-Cretaceous Boundary in the Wenquan section is placed higher than previously.