Dielectric relaxation and conduction mechanism in Aurivillius ceramic Bi5Ti3FeO15

For this study, we synthesized Aurivillius Bi5Ti3FeO15 ceramic using the generic solid-state reaction route and then performed room-temperature X-ray diffraction to confirm that the compound had a single phase with no impurities. The surface morphology of the prepared sample was observed to contain microstructural grains approximately 0.2–2 μm in size. The dielectric properties of the sample were determ-ined as a function of frequency in a range of approximately 100 Hz to 1 MHz at various temperatures (303 K ≤ T ≤ 773 K). Nyquist plots of the impedance data were found to exhibit a semi-circular arc in the high-temperature region, which is explained by the equivalent electrical circuit (R1C1)(R2QC2), where R1 and R2 represent the resistances associated with the grains and grain boundaries, respectively, C1 and C2 are the re-spective capacitances, and Q is the constant phase element (CPE), which accounts for non-Debye type of behavior. Our results indicate that both the resistance and capacitance of the grain boundaries are more prominent than those of the grains. The alternating current (ac) conductiv-ity data were analyzed based on the Jonscher universal power law, which indicated that the conduction process is dominated by the hopping mechanism. The calculated activation energies of the relaxation and conduction processes were very similar (0.32 to 0.53 eV), from which we conclude that the same type of charge carriers are involved in both processes.     

氟掺杂氧化锡薄膜电活性缺陷密度的太赫兹谱探测

从理论上分析了电场应力前后氟掺杂氧化锡（FTO）薄膜的能带结构和传导机理，提取了应力前后FTO薄膜的太赫兹电导率。采用Drude模型对应力前的FTO薄膜太赫兹（THz）电导进行了仿真；采用了Hopping模型对应力后的THz电导进行了仿真，实验与仿真结果一致。结果表明，应力后FTO的电导率提高了3个数量级，源于电场作用下的粒子内作用电导和粒子间作用（陷阱辅助隧穿）电导。通过适合的电导仿真模型，可以清楚地区分出陷阱辅助隧穿电导，从而提取FTO薄膜的陷阱密度。研究结果为利用太赫兹光谱提取半导体薄膜缺陷密度提供了一种便捷的新方法。     

Predicting Initial Formation Temperature for Deep Well Engineering with a New Method

With the progress of science and technology, human beings explore the energy under-ground with thousands of meters. As a thermophysical parameter, initial formation temperature (IFT) plays an essential...     

基于正交设计的陶瓷再生混凝土配合比试验

为提高废旧陶瓷的再生利用率,将陶瓷颗粒与陶瓷粉作为再生混凝土骨料与掺合料进行再生利用.运用正交设计的试验方法,以陶瓷粉、陶瓷颗粒、再生细骨料、粉煤灰、硅灰为5因素,每个因素设置4个水平,共设计16组配合比方案,进行抗压、导热等试验,得到陶瓷再生混凝土的强度、导热系数等物理力学参数,并寻找出最优配合比.试验结果表明最佳配合比为:陶瓷粉的质量分数为10%,陶瓷颗粒的质量分数为20%,再生细骨料的质量分数为40%,粉煤灰的质量分数为15%,硅灰的质量分数为5%.     

“Fe（OH）3溶胶的制备及电泳”实验的探讨

探讨溶胶浓度、溶胶电导率、非电解质脲素加入量对Fe(OH)3溶胶ζ电位的影响,为"Fe(OH)3溶胶制备及电泳"实验提供参考。     

烧结温度对高速压制制备弥散强化铜材料导电率的影响

弥散强化铜材料具有高强度和高导电性的特性,孔洞是影响导电率的重要因素.本文采用高速压制成形技术,对Al2 O3质量分数为0.9%的弥散强化铜粉压制成形,研究了压制速度对生坯的影响.当压制速度为9.4 m·s-1时得到密度为8.46 g·cm-3的生坯.研究了烧结温度对烧结所得Al2 O3弥散强化铜试样导电率的影响.当生坯密度相同时,烧结温度越高,所得试样的导电率也越高.断口与金相分析表明：烧结温度为950℃时,烧结不充分,颗粒边界以及孔洞多而明显,孔洞形状不规则;烧结温度为1080℃时,颗粒边界消失,孔洞圆化,韧窝出现,烧结坯的电导率为71.3%IACS.     

高温高压碳酸盐岩地层酸蚀裂缝长期导流能力实验研究

酸蚀裂缝导流能力是评价酸化压裂效果的重要因素;而酸蚀裂缝在高闭合压力下闭合严重,导流能力很低,并且短期导流能力并不能代表生产时的导流能力,所以需要进行裂缝长期导流能力研究。结合托甫台奥陶系高温高压碳酸盐岩油藏的特征,运用高温高压酸化流动仪、FCES—100裂缝导流仪,进行了酸蚀裂缝、加砂水力裂缝、加砂酸蚀裂缝长期导流能力实验,考察了不同闭合压力下三种裂缝的长期导流能力的变化规律。实验所用酸液类型、酸岩接触时间、支撑剂尺寸和铺砂浓度都是通过前期实验优选得到,分别为稠化酸、60 min、40/70目陶粒及3.0 kg/m2。对实验数据进行分析对比,发现在高闭合压力下酸蚀加砂裂缝比酸蚀裂缝导流能力高,水力加砂裂缝比酸蚀加砂裂缝略高。     

Flow and heat transfer behaviour of nanofluids in microchannels

Flow and heat transfer of aqueous based silica and alumina nanofluids in microchannels were experimentally investigated. The measured friction factors were higher than conventional model predictions at low Reynolds numbers particularly with high nanoparticle concentrations. A decrease in the friction factor was observed with increasing Reynolds number, possibly due to the augmentation of nanoparticle aggregate shape arising from fluid shear and alteration of local nanoparticle concentration and nanofluid viscosity. Augmentation of the silica nanoparticle morphology by fluid shear may also have affected the friction factor due to possible formation of a core/shell structure of the particles. Measured thermal conductivities of the silica nanofluids were in approximate agreement with the Maxwell-Crosser model, whereas the alumina nanofluids only showed slight enhancements. Enhanced convective heat transfer was observed for both nanofluids, relative to their base fluids (water), at low particle concentrations. Heat transfer enhancement increased with increasing Reynolds number and microchannel hydraulic diameter. However, the majority of experiments showed a larger increase in pumping power requirements relative to heat transfer enhancements, which may hinder the industrial uptake of the nanofluids, particularly in confined environments, such as Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS).     

模拟过套管电阻率测井响应的递推矩阵方法

采用递推矩阵方法计算过套管电阻率测井响应的修正传输线方程,并模拟不同地层模型的测井响应,考察水泥环、电极距、套管非均匀性等因素对测井响应的影响。该方法在传输线方程系数中考虑径向含多个界面地层的影响,可以给出轴向呈层状、径向阶跃变化地层模型的电势分布,具有计算量小、易编程、无溢出等优点。模拟结果表明:递推矩阵方法具有很强的地层界面轴向分辨能力;低电导率水泥环对高电导率地层的测井响应产生更为明显的影响;径向存在多个地层界面时计算结果为径向各层电导率的综合反映;套管变薄或变厚对测井响应都有一定影响且测井异常发生在套管突变点附近;电极距对测井结果亦产生影响。     

降雨因素对土壤表面结皮发育的影响

为研究降雨因素在土壤表面结皮发育过程中的作用,结合物理模型实验方法和基于物理概念的水文响应数值模拟,以土壤表面的饱和水力传导系数Ks值作为评价指标,研究分析了雨强和累积降雨量两个降雨因素对结皮发育程度的影响。结果显示:Ks值随累积降雨量的增加而减小,且在累积降雨量较小时,Ks的减小速度更快,约为后期速度的23倍;最终累积降雨量近似的情况下,雨强较大时Ks更容易达到一稳定值;在降雨过程中,雨强与Ks的关系前后不一致。研究结果表明:降雨过程中结皮发育是个复杂的动态变化过程。