烟囱效应形成机理的实验

依据相似原理建立小尺寸竖井实验台，研究了竖井底部温度和前室补气口流速随火源与竖井中心线距离的变化规律，建立了稳态条件下的竖井内温度、速度分布模型．研究结果表明，烟囱效应的产生主要是由于竖井内外压差与烟气自身浮力的联合作用，但是在不同范围内所发挥的作用不同：在火源距离竖井中心线较近区域（l／L〈0.825），竖井内外压差起主要作用；在火源距离竖井中心线较远区域（l／L〉0.825），烟气的自身浮力起主要作用．     

初始形状对浮升气泡动力特性的影响

采用Level Set方法,三维直接数值模拟了浮力作用下单个气泡的上升运动.数值模拟中,气液系统的物性参数设置为埃奥特沃斯数Eo=1～103,莫顿数Mo=10-10～102.数值研究了气泡的初始形状对气泡的变形和上升速度的影响,并与文献中结果进行了比较;给出了高Eo时气泡由球帽状转变为气泡环的结构相图,确定了二者形状转变的Eo和Mo;最后详细分析了初始形状影响气泡动力学特性的机理.模拟结果表明:低Eo(Eo<52)时浮升气泡的终端形状与上升速度基本不受初始形状的影响;高Eo和低Mo时的浮升气泡受初始形状的支配,呈现出球帽状和气泡环两种最终形状,初始气泡的高宽比越大,气泡越容易变形为气泡环,上升速度的脉动也越剧烈.     

Study on flow characteristics of solid/liquid system in lysozyme crystal growth

During the process of lysozyme protein crystallization with batch method,the macroscopic flow field of solid/liquid system was observed by particle image velocimetry(PIV). Furthermore,a normal growth rate of(110) face and local flow field around a single protein crystal were obtained by a long work dis-tance microscope. The experimental results showed that the average velocity,the maximal velocity of macroscopic solid/liquid system and the velocity of local flow field around single protein crystal were fluctuant. The effective boundary layer thickness δeff,the concentration at the interface Ci and the characteristic velocity V were calculated using a convection-diffusion model. The results showed that the growth of lysozyme crystal in this experiment was dominated by interfacial kinetics rather than bulk transport,and the function of buoyancy-driven flow in bulk transport was small,however,the effect of bulk transport in crystal growth had a tendency to increase with the increase of lysozyme concentra-tion. The calculated results also showed that the order of magnitude of shear force was about 10-21 N,which was much less than the bond force between the lysozyme molecules. Therefore the shear force induced by buoyancy-driven flows cannot remove the protein molecules from the interface of crystal.     

浮力驱动式水下航行器螺旋线运动控制与仿真

建立了浮力驱动式水下航行器的运动仿真模型,用MATLAB开发了仿真软件,对浮力驱动式水下航行器的运动进行了仿真研究.仿真算例表明,所建立的仿真模型是正确的,开发的软件具有较强的仿真功能;浮力驱动式航行器螺旋线运动模式的探索与实现,扩大了浮力驱动式水下航行器的应用范围,不仅可作远航程用途使用,而且可作定区域用途使用.     

Modeling and Assessment of Buoyancy-Driven Stratified Airflow in High-Space Industrial Hall

In industrial environment,heat sources often are contaminant sources and health threatening con-taminants are mainly passive,so a detailed understanding of airflow mode can assist in work environment hy-giene measurement and prevention.This paper presented a numerical investigation of stratified airflow scenario in a high-space industrial hall with validated commercial code and experimentally acquired boundary conditions.Based upon an actually undergoing engineering project,this study investigated the performance of the buoyancy-driven displacement ventilation in a large welding hall with big components manufactured.The results have demonstrated that stratified airflow sustained by thermal buoyancy provides zoning effect in terms of clean and polluted regions except minor stagnant eddy areas.The competition between negative buoyant jets from displace-ment radial diffusers and positive buoyant plume from bulk object constitutes the complex transport characteris-tics under and above stratification interface.Entrainment,downdraft and turbulent eddy motion complicate the upper mixing zone,but the exhaust outlet plays a less important role in the whole field flow.And the corre-sponding suggestions concerning computational stability and convergence,further improvements in modeling and measurements were given.