Emergence in holographic scenarios for gravity

‘Holographic’ relations between theories have become an important theme in quantum gravity research. These relations entail that a theory without gravity is equivalent to a gravitational theory with an extra spatial dimension. The idea of holography was first proposed in 1993 by Gerard ׳t Hooft on the basis of his studies of evaporating black holes. Soon afterwards the holographic ‘AdS/CFT’ duality was introduced, which since has been intensively studied in the string theory community and beyond. Recently, Erik Verlinde has proposed that even Newton׳s law of gravitation can be related holographically to the ‘thermodynamics of information’ on screens. We discuss these scenarios, with special attention to the status of the holographic relation in them and to the question of whether they make gravity and spacetime emergent. We conclude that only Verlinde׳s scheme straightforwardly instantiates emergence. However, assuming a non-standard interpretation of AdS/CFT may create room for the emergence of spacetime and gravity there as well.     

对偶函数的性质及其应用

布尔代数广泛应用于数字网络的分析和设计.对于每一个逻辑函数,根据对偶原理可以找出它的对偶函数.它也和狄·摩根定理一样可以用来对逻辑函数的化简. 本文讨论了对偶函数的性质及其在逻辑设计中的应用.     

Banach空间中度量投影算子的性质

本文在一定的Banach几何框架下讨论了度量投影算子的若干性质．先利用对偶映射给出了投影算子的几个等价条件，然后利用等价条件讨论了自反、光滑、严格凸Banach空间中度量投影算子的线性性质和投影算子在凸闭子集中的方向导效等性质．     

Target space ≠ space

This paper investigates the significance of T-duality in string theory: the indistinguishability with respect to all observables, of models attributing radically different radii to space—larger than the observable universe, or far smaller than the Planck length, say. Two interpretational branch points are identified and discussed. First, whether duals are physically equivalent or not: by considering a duality of the familiar simple harmonic oscillator, I argue that they are. Unlike the oscillator, there are no measurements ‘outside’ string theory that could distinguish the duals. Second, whether duals agree or disagree on the radius of ‘target space’, the space in which strings evolve according to string theory. I argue for the latter position, because the alternative leaves it unknown what the radius is. Since duals are physically equivalent yet disagree on the radius of target space, it follows that the radius is indeterminate between them. Using an analysis of Brandenberger and Vafa (1989), I explain why—even so—space is observed to have a determinate, large radius. The conclusion is that observed, ‘phenomenal’ space is not target space, since a space cannot have both a determinate and indeterminate radius: instead phenomenal space must be a higher-level phenomenon, not fundamental.     

Pascal定理的特殊情况的逆

本文证明了 Pascal 定理的特殊情况的逆成立。从而根据对偶原则可知,Brianchon 定理的特殊情况的逆也成立。     

建筑火灾综合模拟评估在大空间建筑火灾中的初步应用

运用火灾规律双重性理论，探讨建筑火灾综合模拟评估的理论框架，以影院会堂类大空间建筑为例，运用一些可调试的模拟方法、统计分析及其模型，给出在火灾评估具体环节和应用程式上的一定程度的量化描述．实现火灾综合模拟评估理论模型的可操作性，使更进一步准确和方便地估算建筑火灾对人员、财产造成危害的几率，和判断这种危害的发生具备了初步的可能．     

对量子力学在认识论上的思考

本文以辩证唯物主义为指导，对量子力学中的因果律进行了的讨论。     

双兼任素数命名及其定理和应用探讨

素数和素数定理是数论中的重要内容,其改进和实际应用是本世纪新课题。本文提出构造一种新的双兼任素数表：即将每一素数赋予亦素亦序的双兼任的新概念;该定义与科学家们设计的＂对头碰撞＂的对撞机中的＂亦矢亦的＂粒子实验方案相对应。其特点既跟踪传统的双重性（即二重性）而又相区别,目的是区分人为给予的或为自然形成的;并证明了相关定理;使对称与不对称同一模式中所含藏的参变序数N、素数P两者皆视同为素数的一种＂全素数化运算＂新方案;得出正、反物质镜像皆与公知的粒子物理实验数据相吻合;结合尝试在宇宙学中的应用,得出粒子物理实验仅是了解宇宙的某一横截面;＂全素数化运算＂将为数学科学提供一种全新的基础内容而值得参考。     

浅谈利用多元函数最优化的方法证明不等式

本文通过举例利用多元函数的最优化的方法证明不等式。     

平坦仿射联络的对偶联络

本文给出了平坦仿射联络的对偶联络的定义，并推导出形状算子S^*、仿射基本形h^*以及横截联络形式r^*的表示式。