金鱼三倍体诱导技术的初步研究

运用冷休克、热休克、静水压三种方法抑制金鱼受精卵第二次减数分裂，诱导金鱼三倍体．结果表明：金鱼三倍体诱导率明显受压力、处理温度、处理起始时间以及处理持续时间等因子的影响；在22℃水温下，受精8min后，在0℃冷休克条件下，持续处理14min的三倍体诱导率可达25．5％；受精10min后，在39℃热休克条件下，持续处理1min，三倍体诱导率可达100％；受精4min后，在550kg／cm^2静水压休克条件下，持续处理3min三倍体诱导率可达28．6％．还对提高金鱼三倍体诱导率和孵化率的方法进行了探讨．     

Rapid growth and sterility of growth hormone gene transgenic triploid carp

Triploid carp (100%) with 150 (3n=150) chromosomes were obtained by crossing the females of improved tetraploid hybrids (♀, 4n=200) of red crucian carp (♀)×common carp (♂) with the males of diploid yellow river carp (♂, 2n=100). The crosses yielded transgenic triploid carp (positive triploid fish, 44.2% of the progeny) and non-transgenic triploid carp (negative triploid fish). Histological examination of the gonads of 24-month-old positive triploid fish suggested they were sterile and the fish were not able to produce mature gametes during the breeding season. Morphologically, both the positive and negative triploid fish were similar. They had a spindle-shaped, laterally compressed, steel grey body with two pairs of barbells. Most of the quantifiable traits of the triploid carp were intermediate between those of the two parents. The positive and negative triploid fish were raised in the same pond for 2 years. The mean body weight of the positive triploid fish was 2.3 times higher than the negative triploid fish. The weight of the largest positive triploid fish was 2.91 times higher than that of the largest negative triploid fish. Thus, we produced fast-growing transgenic triploid carp that have a reduced ecological risk because of their inability to mate and produce progeny.     

由三倍体西瓜下胚轴诱导植株再生的研究

将三倍体西瓜(Citrullus Vul(?)aris Schrad。)下胚轴切段接种在添加0.02mg/L2,4-D和0.6mg/L6BA的MS培养基上,可诱导出生长旺盛、结构致密的愈伤组织.将愈伤组织转移到含不同浓度的6BA、IAA、IBA和三十烷醇的分化培养基上,分化出了芽和根,进而长成了正常的植株.将不定芽接种在含0.2～0.4mg/L6BA和6mg/L维生素P_1的MS培养基上.可得到许多簇生芽和植物体.用蛭石代替琼脂的生根培养基对于根系的生长和试管苗的移植有良好的效果.经细胞学观察表明,由三倍体西瓜下胚轴诱导出再生植株的染色体倍性有所变化,即有一倍体(n=11)、二倍体(2n=22),三倍体(3n=33)和非整倍体等.     

人工诱导三倍体中国对虾性腺组织学观察

经人工诱导所获得的三倍体中国对虾的雄、雌性个体与二倍体虾的雄、雌性个体外形上无差异，但雄性三倍体虾的性腺发育不完全，甚至停滞；雌虾性腺因处于未成熟期，差异不显著。     

成熟果实未发育胚珠培养获得三倍体柑橘

本研究中,对华农本地早柑橘成熟果实中未发育胚珠进行离体培养,通过胚状体发生途径,获得了32株再生植株.用流式细胞仪对这些再生植株进行倍性分析,发现有1株三倍体植株,并得到染色体计数确认,其三倍体发生频率为3.12%.这是柑橘成熟果实未发育胚珠离体培养获得三倍体植株的首例报道.     

异源四倍体鲫鲤群体的形成及四倍体化在脊椎动物进化中的作用

对雌雄两性能育并形成群体的异源四倍体鲫鲤的染色体数目和组型,DNA含量,红细胞大小,生殖腺和配子,胚胎发育,形成机理,外形等方面进行了较全面描述。四倍体鲫鲤经过九代（F3-F11）的四倍体性的繁殖,已形成了一个数目庞大的遗传性状稳定的群体。该四倍体群体在染色体数目、生殖、外形特征等方面都与它们的原始父母本-二倍体湘江野鲤和红鲫有本质的差别。在遗传特性、稳定传代、生育隔离等方面,异源四倍体鲫鲤群体为形成一个新的四倍体新种奠定了基础。新的四倍体鱼群体的形成对脊椎动物的进化理论和它们在生产上的应用都具有重要的意义。     

三倍体毛白杨硬枝扦插育苗技术研究

三倍体毛白杨没有自生根,硬枝扦插育苗难度大.本研究采取生根复合剂袋装贮藏催根和插后土壤踩实等技术,获得了成功.具体操作技术是:每年11月上中旬落叶后,采集大树或苗木上当年生粗1~1.5 cm的枝条,截成约15 cm长茎段;按50~100根一捆,基部粘附生根复合剂粉(即90%草木灰 8%托布津 2%吲哚丁酸和萘乙酸),装入塑料袋内置通风透气室内贮藏催根,到第二年2月上中旬气候转暖时进行大田扦插,插后土壤踩实,使之与土壤紧密结合,确保插穗生根而不易脱水,加强田间管理,这样扦插成苗率可达80%~90%以上,且苗木根系发达,生长旺盛.     

人工诱导虹鳟三倍体的细胞遗传学鉴定

采用一种简便有效的染色体制备方法,成功地制作和观察了人工诱导的三倍体虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)中期染色体.实验结果表明,虹鳟二倍体的核型2n=60,人工诱导的虹鳟有88%的个体为三倍体,核型3n=90,且大部分都为中着丝粒染色体.