Does a lot help a lot? Forecasting stock returns with pooling strategies in a data‐rich environment

A variety of recent studies provide a skeptical view on the predictability of stock returns. Empirical evidence shows that most prediction models suffer from a loss of information, model uncertainty, and structural instability by relying on low‐dimensional information sets. In this study, we evaluate the predictive ability of various lately refined forecasting strategies, which handle these issues by incorporating information from many potential predictor variables simultaneously. We investigate whether forecasting strategies that (i) combine information and (ii) combine individual forecasts are useful to predict US stock returns, that is, the market excess return, size, value, and the momentum premium. Our results show that methods combining information have remarkable in‐sample predictive ability. However, the out‐of‐sample performance suffers from highly volatile forecast errors. Forecast combinations face a better bias–efficiency trade‐off, yielding a consistently superior forecast performance for the market excess return and the size premium even after the 1970s.     

通道裁剪下的多特征组合目标跟踪算法

针对深层特征存在冗余通道影响跟踪速度和精度以及单一特征难以适应复杂场景的问题,提出了一种通道裁剪下的多特征组合目标跟踪算法。首先,在相关滤波算法的框架上结合传统手工特征和深层特征进行跟踪。其次,通过对比深层特征通道上目标区域和搜索区域的特征均值设计通道裁剪策略,筛选出合适的特征通道。最后,通过隔帧更新的方式更新深度特征,通过平均峰值相关能量更新传统特征滤波模板,最终实现准确跟踪。与10种算法在OTB2013和OTB2015数据集上进行对比实验的结果表明,本文算法在跟踪准确度和成功率方面都取得了更为理想的结果。     

Predictive ability and economic gains from volatility forecast combinations

The availability of numerous modeling approaches for volatility forecasting leads to model uncertainty for both researchers and practitioners. A large number of studies provide evidence in favor of combination methods for forecasting a variety of financial variables, but most of them are implemented on returns forecasting and evaluate their performance based solely on statistical evaluation criteria. In this paper, we combine various volatility forecasts based on different combination schemes and evaluate their performance in forecasting the volatility of the S&P 500 index. We use an exhaustive variety of combination methods to forecast volatility, ranging from simple techniques to time-varying techniques based on the past performance of the single models and regression techniques. We then evaluate the forecasting performance of single and combination volatility forecasts based on both statistical and economic loss functions. The empirical analysis in this paper yields an important conclusion. Although combination forecasts based on more complex methods perform better than the simple combinations and single models, there is no dominant combination technique that outperforms the rest in both statistical and economic terms.     

Combining multivariate volatility forecasts using weighted losses

The ability to improve out-of-sample forecasting performance by combining forecasts is well established in the literature. This paper advances this literature in the area of multivariate volatility forecasts by developing two combination weighting schemes that exploit volatility persistence to emphasise certain losses within the combination estimation period. A comprehensive empirical analysis of the out-of-sample forecast performance across varying dimensions, loss functions, sub-samples and forecast horizons show that new approaches significantly outperform their counterparts in terms of statistical accuracy. Within the financial applications considered, significant benefits from combination forecasts relative to the individual candidate models are observed. Although the more sophisticated combination approaches consistently rank higher relative to the equally weighted approach, their performance is statistically indistinguishable given the relatively low power of these loss functions. Finally, within the applications, further analysis highlights how combination forecasts dramatically reduce the variability in the parameter of interest, namely the portfolio weight or beta.     

基于多模态融合技术的用户画像方法

针对当前用户画像工作中各模态信息不能被充分利用的问题, 提出一种跨模态学习思想, 设计一种基于多模态融合的用户画像模型。首先利用 Stacking集成方法, 融合多种跨模态学习联合表示网络, 对相应的模型组合进行学习, 然后引入注意力机制, 使得模型能够学习不同模态的表示对预测结果的贡献差异性。改进后的模型具有精心设计的网络结构和目标函数, 能够生成一个由特征级融合和决策级融合组成的联合特征表示, 从而可以合并不同模态的相关特征。在真实数据集上的实验结果表明, 所提模型优于当前最好的基线方法。     

停车受限条件下多模式交通网络动态拥挤收费

在一个多起始单终点的交通网络上,本文研究当终点处停车空间不足时,如何通过在路段瓶颈处实施拥挤收费实现系统最优.首先,根据小汽车和公交的出行成本函数,运用凸规划算法求解系统最优条件下网络中各OD最优的小汽车和公交出行量.其次,根据系统最优时的小汽车出行量,计算出为了消除交通瓶颈处车辆排队而实施的动态拥挤收费.再次,根据小汽车和公交车出行成本的均衡条件,计算出各OD对每辆小汽车出行者应缴纳的停车拥挤附加费(或应获取的补贴),收取该费用(或发放补贴)的目的是调节小汽车和公交的出行量使它们在双模式均衡(小汽车与公交车出行模式均衡)条件下分别达到系统最优水平.最后,算例分析了两组OD对的情况,计算出两种泊位供应量下各OD对小汽车最优出行量与小汽车出行的停车拥挤附加费或补贴,并且给出了动态拥挤收费与道路收费的函数曲线.     

美元/欧元汇率的趋势与波动分析及区间预测

对美元/欧元汇率进行趋势与波动分析并作出区间预测。利用BP神经网络提取趋势,对残差分别运用自回归移动平均模型和广义自回归条件异方差模型分析波动性,将趋势与波动性结合给出区间预测。对2001年7月至2017年10月美元/欧元汇率的研究发现,BP神经网络具有很好的非线性刻画能力,但只有合适的预测精度才能得出较好的预测区间,同时也发现,广义自回归条件异方差模型对波动性的分析效果优于自回归移动平均模型。因此,BP神经网络模型与广义自回归条件异方差模型的组合模型(BP-GARCH模型)更适合时间序列的中长期区间预测。通过调节BP神经网络的参数、误差及预测精度提高组合模型的精度。     

基于凸组合的移动平均线策略应用研究

鉴于随着市场有效性的增强,作为量化投资技术分析中重要指标之一的传统移动平均线策略逐渐失效。基于凸组合思路构建改进移动平均线策略,并给出了策略交易规则。对2005年10月17日-2017年12月31日的日收盘价数据进行不同日期参数的均线策略回测检验,结果表明：基于凸组合的移动平均线策略表现优于传统移动平均线策略,日期参数组合5~20的凸组合策略表现最好,基于凸组合的移动平均线策略具有较好的应用价值。     

基于IOWC-GOWA算子及相对熵的区间型组合预测模型

针对用区间型数据描述不确定现象的组合预测问题,为了提高区间型数据的预测精度,首先采用诱导有序加权连续区间的广义有序加权平均(IOWC-GOWA)算子将区间数集结为实数;然后对集结后的实数进行标准化处理;最后从信息论的角度引入相对熵作为最优准则,提出了基于IOWC-GOWA算子及相对熵的区间型组合预测模型;另外,通过实例分析了该组合预测模型的合理性和有效性;结果表明:该组合预测模型可以有效地提高区间型数据的预测精度,即该模型是合理有效的,并且,参数λ和BUM函数的选取会对模型的预测精度产生一定的影响。     

基于人工智能的人民币/美元汇率组合预测模型

针对在人民币/美元汇率收益率的尖峰厚尾、波动性聚集性与杠杆效应等特征,单个预测模型往往难以完全将这些数据特点完全反应,为更有效地利用各个模型的优点,利用协整关系和神经网络的非线性特点将不同的单一模型进行组合。实证表明:组合模型能产生更好的预测精度。