玉米根细胞正面向外和内翻外质膜囊泡的分离

利用水双相分配分离法从玉米根细胞提取原生质膜囊泡。其质膜成分特异的K~+,Mg~(2+)—ATP酶活性比膜粗提液高1.67倍。其他细胞器标记酶活性在质膜组分中很低或没有。特异染色电镜形态学定量统计表明质膜组分中90％以上是质膜囊泡。去污剂刺激ATP酶活性实验证明,约92％囊泡是正面向外的。应用此法也证明NAD(P)H—氧化酶可能是跨膜存在的,其催化Fe~(3+)还原的位点可能在膜的内侧。应用高盐冻—融法并结合水双相分配分离法处理正面向外囊泡,可获得内翻外质膜囊泡,实验证明它不仅纯度高而且封闭。     

Cholera toxin B-subunit incorporation into synaptic vesicles of the neuromuscular junction of the rat

Summary The B-subunit of cholera toxin, a nontoxic macromolecule which binds specifically to GM1 ganglioside, was conjugated to colloidal gold and injected into skeletal muscle of the rat. It was taken up rapidly in vesicles in the terminal axons at the neuromuscular junctions. Injection of albumin-colloidal gold conjugates resulted in an insignificant uptake. The results indicate that uptake of extracellular macromolecules into the terminal axon of the neuromuscular junction may be greatly enhanced by binding to gangliosides at the presynaptic membrane, and that it may occur without association with vesicular recycling related to transmitter release.The study was supported by grants from the Swedish Medical Research Council (proj. No. 07122).—Part of this study was performed at INSERM U-153, Paris, headed by Dr M. Fardeau.     

铜绿微囊藻气囊蛋白GvpW的异源表达纯化与晶体生长研究

铜绿微囊藻(Microcystisaeruginosa PCC 7806)是我国淡水湖泊生态系统季节性蓝藻水华爆发的最优势藻种,其爆发的机制之一在于气囊,它是一种充满气体的蛋白质性质的亚细胞器结构,可为藻细胞提供浮力,调节藻细胞在水体中的位置以利于生长和后续的生境殖民化。铜绿微囊藻的气囊合成涉及14个气囊蛋白,但大部分气囊蛋白在气囊合成过程中的具体分子功能尚不清楚。对其中一个气囊蛋白GvpW进行了分子克隆,利用原核表达系统在体外进行了异源表达,结合镍柱亲和层析和凝胶过滤层析纯化出了高纯度的GvpW,运用动态光散射和化学交联证实在体外纯化后的GvpW是呈单体状态,同时通过晶体初筛和优化获得了生长较好的蛋白质晶体。这为后续解析GvpW的三维结构及在分子水平直观探讨其在气囊合成中的生理功能奠定了基础。     

Progress in fabricating arrays of soft spherical vessels on mesoscale with spatial control

Microarrays of spherical vessel-like colloids such as liposomes, polymerized vesicles and polyelectrolyte capsules may find diverse applications in bioanalysis, biosensing, and combinatorial chemistry, for their capabilities in encapsulating chemical species such as drugs, biomolecules, probes, polymers and nanoparticles. This review reports the advances on methods for fabricating microarrays of the various hollow colloids. Related strategies are described in detail, including patterning techniques, surface modification methods, and tethering approaches such as oligonucleotide hybridization, receptor-ligand binding, covalent coupling and electrostatic interaction. The preliminary developments of functionalities of these arrays serving as sensor chips, microcarriers and microreactors are summarized as well.     

表面活性剂分子有序组合体研究动态

表面活性剂分子有序组合体因其特殊的性质和重要的应用价值受到研究者的极大关注。囊泡、溶致液晶和蠕虫状胶束是目前备受关注的3种分子有序组合体,对其表征方法和应用等方面的研究进行了综述,探讨了3种有序组合体的相互转化关系。概括了正负离子表面活性剂体系中分子有序组合体的研究进展。     

改进法制备大肠杆菌膜囊及其电镜观察

使用改进方法成功地制得大肠杆菌膜囊。该膜囊为一封闭的、不合任何细胞质组织的、仅由细胞膜构成的囊状结构。少数膜囊外仍保留部分外膜成份。     

Synaptogenesis in hippocampal cultures

Hippocampal cultures offer unique advantages for the study of neuronal development and synaptogenesis. Studies performed on this model enabled dissection of the temporal sequence of events which lead to the differentiation of pre- and postsynaptic compartments. Received 27 January 1999; received after revision 4 March 1999; accepted 5 March 1999     

Crystallogeny fundamentals of the cholesterol gallstone

The nucleation mechanism and crystal growth process of the cholesterol gallstone are studied and a systematic theory expounded by crystallogeny is proposed. Normal feed and stone-forming feed were used to raise guinea pigs in the control and stone-causing groups respectively. The state and transformation of liquid crystal vesicles, the appearance of crystal nuclei, and the formation of microcrystal grains were observed under a polarizing microscope during the experimental period. It was found that the liquid crystal vesicles in the bile of the control group were small, scattered, and always existed as single forms, and no shaped gallstone crystals were formed. While in the stone-causing group, liquid crystal vesicles grew to larger ones, and then aggregated to form large liquid crystal cells. Solid crystal growth along the edge of these liquid crystal cells formed microcrystal grains. These demonstrated that bile liquid crystal vesicles form the basic nuclei of cholesterol gallstone. Heterogeneous nucleation is the common process in the formation of crystal nuclei and crystal growth.     

类DLVO理论与胆固醇单水结晶形成过程

就人体胆汁胆固醇单水结晶形成过程提出了类DLVO理论，应用该理论初步阐明了其结晶过程可能的化学物理机制，并分析了该理论在促、抗风核因于及溶石方面的意义。