Population dynamics of the gall inducer Eriogallococcus isaias (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) on Pseudobombax grandiflorum (Malvaceae)

Eriogallococcus isaias Hodgson and Magalhães is a Neotropical species of gall-inducing scale insect (Coccoidea: Eriococcidae), whose phenological synchrony with its host plant, Pseudobombax grandiflorum, is fundamental to the maintenance of its population. Furthermore, E. isaias is unusual among gall-inducing Eriococcidae because its galls are not sexually dimorphic and are induced by the second-instar nymphs. We studied the life cycles of the host plant and the galling insect, and followed the development of the insects and the structure of the gall. The results showed that gall induction is synchronous with leaf flushing, and that the galls and leaves mature concomitantly. Males have a 36–48-day life cycle within the gall, whereas females have a 75–100-day life cycle.     

文学翻译的共时性和历时性

翻译的实质是双语间意义的对应转换。语际的意义转换必然受共时条件和历时条件的制约。文学翻译应当适应共时性，也应当适应历时性。共时性指多样性和同一性，历时性指可变性。在整个翻译历史的长河中，译文从来就不是尽善尽关的，也不存在一劳永逸的翻译。     

基于动态语言的敏捷并行程序设计方法研究

阐述了基于模型同构、利用动态语言实现敏捷并行程序设计的方法,通过对Python语言并行性的研究,分析了在动态语言背景下实现敏捷并行程序设计的机制,提出了一种改进并行动态语言的模型,着重讨论了并行数据模型的映射方法,以及利用信号同步和数据锁实现并发控制的机制.     

数字锁相法实现位同步

论述了数字锁相法位同步的原理,并提出了一种简单,有效的位同步系统实际电路。     

索绪尔的几组基本概念

索绪尔最有影响的一组概念是施指 (或译“能指”)和所指。施指 /所指不是名实关系 ,所指不是实物 ,而是概念。为了更明确地理解施指 /所指 ,就必须了解索绪尔的任意性原则 :如此这般的施指和如此这般的所指结合而成一个符号 ,是任意的。他的任意性原则有助于我们看到在语词之外并没有一个已经切分好了的现实。现以施指 /所指和任意性原则为基础 ,进一步阐述索绪尔的另一些主要概念如语言 /言语 ,语言的共时研究和历时研究 ,以及索绪尔结构主义的基本思想。     

辐射性和链性多义的异同及其范畴化意义

辐射性和链性多义都是基于家族相似性和原型范畴理论,但是它们的语义变化方式不同,辐射性多义有共时也有历时变化,而链性多义多经历了历时变化,词的原始义与在尾的引申义发生了“连锁联结”现象,词的非认知理据丧失或变得模糊。语义和句法是不同的范畴,它们的范畴化和非范畴化也应区别研究,保留结构的辐射性多义发生语义范畴化,改变结构的辐射性多义发生语义范畴化和句法范畴上的非范畴化,但是它们都没有发生语义非范畴化。链性多义的首尾意义发生语义非范畴化,但在句法范畴上没有发生非范畴化。本研究不仅有助于学生理解和记忆多义词,而且有助于理解多义词的范畴化和非范畴化及其它们之间的关系。     

离散单元法中数值求解方法的改进

对离散单元法中的数值求解提出采用同步动态松弛法，以避免动态松弛法由于路径相关性所造成的算法误差．数值计算结果表明，同步动态松弛法简单、有效，且计算较为稳定，精度较高，并可使计算时步取得稍大一些，从而较大地加快了离散单元法的计算速度．     

实验室EXAFS研究

采用ＥＸＡＦＳ方法研究了负载型Ｎｉ／ＳｉＯ２的区域结构和机械合金化方法扩展Ｆｅ－Ｃｕ金属固溶范围,并形成纳米尺寸的非平衡亚稳态合金。实验结果表明,利用实验室ＥＸＡＦＳ方法也可以开展较好的结构测量研究,但必须选用合适的靶材、工作电压电流、单色器晶体、狭缝、脉冲高度分析器基线和道宽等。在实验室ＥＸＡＦＳ测量中,分辨能力是获得正确结果的关键。     

Vegetation complexity and bat‐plant dispersal in Calakmul,Mexico

Fruit production of chiropterochorous plants was studied to test the hypotheses that more complex habitats will harbour: (1) greater plant diversity, (2) higher biomass and density of bat‐dispersed plants, and (3) elevated frugivorous bat abundance. We defined habitat complexity as vegetation structural complexity – the degree of structural arrangement of vegetation. As forested environments are more complex than modified environments, they should harbour more bat‐dispersed species. From 2002 to 2003 in southern Mexico, we observed two fruiting peaks of 56 plant species (20 of which were bat‐dispersed) in tropical subhumid forest, tropical semi‐deciduous forest and modified open areas. Fruit density was greater in the canopy than in the understorey. Phenology alternated across seasons and habitats. Habitat complexity demonstrated no association with bat abundance, fruit mass or fruit density. A positive relationship between fruit mass and frugivorous bat abundance suggests that fruit mass probably influences frugivorous bat movement across time and space.     

Detection of the short-term preseizure changes in EEG recordings using complexity and synchrony analysis

An important consideration in epileptic seizure prediction is proving the existence of a pre-seizure state that can be detected using various signal processing algorithms. In the analyses of intracranial electroencephalographic （EEG）recordings of four epilepsy patients, the short-term changes in the measures of complexity and synchrony were detected before the majority of seizure events across the sample patient population. A decrease in complexity and increase in phase synchrony appeared several minutes before seizure onset and the changes were more pronounced in the focal region than in the remote region. This result was also validated statistically using a surrogate data method.