Lightning activity on the central Tibetan Plateau and its response to convective available potential energy

Lightning flash activities on the central Tibetan Plateau have been studied by using the satellite-based Lightning Imaging Sensor(LIS)database from January 1998 to July 2002.The lightning activity shows a clear diurnal variation on the central Plateau.The peak lightning activity appears at about 17:00 which is 3 h earlier than that in Jingxhou,Hubei in the same latitude belt nearby,indicating that the lightning activity is a sensitive indicator of solar heating on the Plateau.The lightning discharge is weaker on the Plateau than Jingzhou.Hubei and other low-altitude continental regions because of the lower convective available potential energy(CAPE)on the Plateau.The CAPE on the Plateau is 12 times lower than that in Jingzhou,Hubei,and 20 times lower than that in the sea-level region,such as Guangzhou and Florida.However,the sensitivity of lightning activity to CAPE changes on the Plateau is up to 30 times more sensitive than other prominent low-altitude regions.     

基于同步辐射的紫外-真空紫外光谱辐射测量装置的研制

研究基于同步辐射的紫外-真空紫外光谱辐射测量装置. 通过切换前置镜位置来完成同步辐射光源和传递标准光源的测量. 讨论了辐射计偏振特性对测量结果的影响. 根据Schwinger提出的理论公式,利用同步辐射作为基准辐射源,在115～350nm的波长范围测量了作为传递标准的氘灯的光谱辐射亮度,测量不确定度为11%～14%.     

基于多幅不同曝光量照片的场景高动态范围图像合成

提出了一种恢复相机成像系统光照响应曲线,合成场景高动态范围图像的方法.在满足光学成像系统相反法则的前提下,利用多幅同一场景不同曝光量的照片图像,结合最小二乘原理和B样条函数拟合方法,恢复了相机的光照响应曲线,获得图像中像素值与曝光量之间的映射关系,进而将不同曝光量的场景照片图像融合成一幅高动态范围图像.图像中的像素值与场景中对应点的真实亮度值成正比,扩大了场景图像的表示范围,增加了场景图像中高亮区和暗区的细节特征.实验表明,合成的高动态范围图像效果满意.     

Simulation and evaluation of the quality and availability of typical GLI ocean image

ADEOS-II satellite will be launched in the near future. It collocates many remote sensing instruments in the same platform. Among them, Global Image (GLI) is considered to be a main sensor which will play a key role. In order to understand the characteristics of future GLI ocean color images, a simulation and evaluation of the quality and availability of GLI typical ocean image has been done. In the paper, we first introduce the simulation models briefly, and simulate typical cases of radiance images at visible channels, in which the radiance distribution is based on geographic location, the satellite orbital parameters and sensor properties. A method, complex signal noise ratio (CSNR) to evaluate the image quality and availability, is developed according to the characteristics of image. Meanwhile, a series of CSNR images are generated from the simulated radiance components for different cases, which can be used to evaluate the quality and availability of GLI images before the ADEOS-II is placed in orbit. Finally, the quality and availability of GLI images are quantitatively analyzed by the simulated CSNR data. The results will be beneficial to the people who are in charge of GLI mission or plan to use the data from GLI.     

长波红外探测器的辐射定标

辐射定标是实现红外测温技术的基础。针对复杂环境下,大范围高温区域的测量任务,建立辐射定标数学模型。首先,采用长波红外热像仪和高温黑体炉进行定标实验,分析探测器响应灰度值与黑体辐射的关系。然后,考虑到探测器在测温过程中有可能进入饱和状态,进一步分析探测器响应灰度值与积分时间的关系。提出综合考虑黑体辐射和积分时间的定标计算方法;并给出了热像仪的理论测温范围的推导过程。最后,通过辐射定标数据的温度反演验证该方法的准确性,获取可参考的理论测温范围。实验结果证明该方法满足应用需求,不仅能够快速、有效地得到定标数据,而且对实际的应用具有一定的指导作用。     

复杂面光源下实时绘制研究

对目前流行的面光源实时绘制算法进行综述。首先对面光源从相对距离、形状、光强分布和动态性四个方面进行分类,分析各类面光源的特点和处理方式。然后主要介绍三类面光源处理方法:解析方法、基于空间采样方法和预计算辐射传递方法,分析各类算法的主要思想、所针对的场景以及优缺点。最后阐述该领域的未来研究方向。     

Direct assimilation of satellite radiance data in GRAPES variational assimilation system

Variational method is capable of dealing with observations that have a complicated nonlinear relation with model variables representative of the atmospheric state, and so make it possible to directly assimilate such measured variables as satellite radiance, which have a nonlinear relation with the model variables. Assimilation of any type of observations requires a corresponding observation operator, which establishes a specific mapping from the space of the model state to the space of observation. This paper presents in detail how the direct assimilation of real satellite radiance data is implemented in the GRAPES-3DVar analysis system. It focuses on all the components of the observation operator for direct assimilation of real satellite radiance data, including a spatial interpolation operator that transforms variables from model grid points to observation locations, a physical transformation from model variables to observed elements with different choices of model variables, and a data quality control. Assimilation experiments, using satellite radiances such as NOAA17 AMSU-A and AMSU-B （Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit）, are carried out with two different schemes. The results from these experiments can be physically understood and clearly reflect a rational effect of direct assimilation of satellite radiance data in GRAPES-3DVar analysis system.     

改进的光辐射强度估算

光子图是一种高效的全局光照算法,能够模拟物理真实感光照效果.然而,经典的光子图算法的光辐射强度估算不够准确,尤其在物体的细节区域光通量计算有很大误差,细节部分的绘制质量很差.分析了光辐射强度估计的过程,找到了产生较大误差的原因,进而提出了一种改进的光辐射强度估算方法.对于搜索范围内的每个光子,求出它在绘制点的切平面上的投影,判断投影点与绘制点之间的距离是否小于搜索半径,进而决定是否使用该光子计算光通量.改进后的算法虽然增加了一些计算时间,但是显著地提高了光辐射强度估计的准确性.理论分析和场景测试证明改进后的算法明显改善了物体细节部分的绘制效果.     

关于热红外多角度遥感扫描方向的选取问题

通过蒙特卡罗模拟回答了表征农作物行播结构特征的植株高(H)、垄宽(W)与垄间距(D)对行播作物热辐射方向性产生何种影响的问题。为了减少多角度热辐射亮度值之间的相关性,只有当扫描方向与垄向相互垂直(φ=90°)时,它的相关系数最少,有利于反演T_v与T_s。而顺垄扫描则相关系数最高,且对方位角变化敏感,不利于T_v与T_s的精确反演。     

离散辐射强度法计算冲击加热炉温度场的数学模型

离散辐射强度法计算辐射传热是热流密度法的一种修正方法,它引进了比辐射热流密度更原始的变量即辐射强度。本文采用紊流动量方程、K-ε双方程紊流模型及能量方程相结合的方法对冲击加热炉内温度场进行了数值模拟,其中能量方程的源项辐射传热采用离散辐射强度法计算,为以对流传热为主的综合传热过程提供了一种理论研究途径。