Fibulin-5/DANCE is essential for elastogenesis in vivo.

The elastic fibre system has a principal role in the structure and function of various types of organs that require elasticity, such as large arteries, lung and skin. Although elastic fibres are known to be composed of microfibril proteins (for example, fibrillins and latent transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-binding proteins) and polymerized elastin, the mechanism of their assembly and development is not well understood. Here we report that fibulin-5 (also known as DANCE), a recently discovered integrin ligand, is an essential determinant of elastic fibre organization. fibulin-5-/- mice generated by gene targeting exhibit a severely disorganized elastic fibre system throughout the body. fibulin-5-/- mice survive to adulthood, but have a tortuous aorta with loss of compliance, severe emphysema, and loose skin (cutis laxa). These tissues contain fragmented elastin without an increase of elastase activity, indicating defective development of elastic fibres. Fibulin-5 interacts directly with elastic fibres in vitro, and serves as a ligand for cell surface integrins alphavbeta3, alphavbeta5 and alpha9beta1 through its amino-terminal domain. Thus, fibulin-5 may provide anchorage of elastic fibres to cells, thereby acting to stabilize and organize elastic fibres in the skin, lung and vasculature.     

Simulation and evaluation of the quality and availability of typical GLI ocean image

ADEOS-II satellite will be launched in the near future. It collocates many remote sensing instruments in the same platform. Among them, Global Image (GLI) is considered to be a main sensor which will play a key role. In order to understand the characteristics of future GLI ocean color images, a simulation and evaluation of the quality and availability of GLI typical ocean image has been done. In the paper, we first introduce the simulation models briefly, and simulate typical cases of radiance images at visible channels, in which the radiance distribution is based on geographic location, the satellite orbital parameters and sensor properties. A method, complex signal noise ratio (CSNR) to evaluate the image quality and availability, is developed according to the characteristics of image. Meanwhile, a series of CSNR images are generated from the simulated radiance components for different cases, which can be used to evaluate the quality and availability of GLI images before the ADEOS-II is placed in orbit. Finally, the quality and availability of GLI images are quantitatively analyzed by the simulated CSNR data. The results will be beneficial to the people who are in charge of GLI mission or plan to use the data from GLI.     

Photosynthetic recovery of desiccated intertidal seaweeds after rehydration

Intertidal seaweeds experience periodical desiccation and rehydration to different extents due to the tidal cycles and their vertical distributions. Their photosynthetic recovery process during the rehydration may show different patterns among the seaweeds from different zonations or depths at intertidal zone. In this study 12 species of seaweeds collected from the upper, middle, lower and sublittoral zones were examined. The relationship of the photosynthetic recovery to vertical distribution was assessed by comparing their patterns of photosynthetic and respiratory performances after rehydration following desiccation. Both the photosynthesis and dark respiration declined during emersion, showing certain degrees of recovery after re-immersion into seawater for most species, but the extents were markedly different from one species to the other. The species from upper intertidal zone after being rehydrated for 1 hour, following 2 hours of desiccation, achieved 100% recovery of their initial physiological activity, while most of the lower or sublittoral species did not achieve full recovery. It is the ability to withstand desiccation stress (fast recovery during rehydration), but not that to avoid desiccation (water retaining ability) that determines the distribution of intertidal seaweeds. Such physiological behavior during rehydration after desiccation reflects the adaptive strategy of intertidal seaweeds against desiccation and their capability of primary production in the process of rehydration.     

再生混凝土耐久性的试验研究Ⅲ再生混凝土的干燥收缩试验

再生混凝土耐久性的试验研究系列探讨了再生混凝土抵抗冻融循环能力以及抵抗中性化能力方面做了基础性试验研究,表明了再生混凝土在水灰比相对较小的情况下,抵抗冻融循环能力较好,而抗碳化能力较差。这反映了再生混凝土在耐久性能方面还存在着很多疑难点,着眼于再生混凝土耐久性能的另一方面,即对再生混凝土抵抗干燥收缩能力方面做了基础性试验研究。试验以100%再生骨料替代天然碎石和砂粒制备再生混凝土试件,在恒温(20±2)℃,恒湿相对湿度(60±5)%的试验室内使混凝土试件自由干燥收缩180d。试验结果,再生混凝土试件与普通混凝土试件相比,干燥收缩率大,特别是早期干燥,几乎达到了普通混凝土试件的2倍以上。     

Synthesis of brookite-typed titania from titanium chloride solution

The brookite-phase TiO2 was prepared by a hydrothermal synthesis of titanium chloride solution.The thermolysis time and the pH value of the solution were controlled during the synthesis.X-ray diffraction experiments showed that TiO2 powders partially containing the brookite-phase were successfully obtained.A great amount of OH -in the reaction solution was found to be important to obtain the brookite phase because the intermediate complex leading to the brookite phase consumes more OH-than other phases like...     

AID is required for germinal center-derived lymphomagenesis

Most human B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (B-NHLs) derive from germinal centers (GCs), the structure in which B cells undergo somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR) before being selected for high-affinity antibody production. The pathogenesis of B-NHL is associated with distinct genetic lesions, including chromosomal translocations and aberrant SHM, which arise from mistakes occurring during CSR and SHM. A direct link between these DNA remodeling events and GC lymphoma development, however, has not been demonstrated. Here we have crossed three mouse models of B cell lymphoma driven by oncogenes (Myc, Bcl6 and Myc/Bcl6; refs. 5,6) with mice lacking activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), the enzyme required for both CSR and SHM. We show that AID deficiency prevents Bcl6-dependent, GC-derived B-NHL, but has no impact on Myc-driven, pre-GC lymphomas. Accordingly, abrogation of AID is associated with the disappearance of CSR- and SHM-mediated structural alterations. These results show that AID is required for GC-derived lymphomagenesis, supporting the notion that errors in AID-mediated antigen-receptor gene modification processes are principal contributors to the pathogenesis of human B-NHL.     

再生混凝土耐久性的试验研究(Ⅱ.再生混凝土的中性化试验)

探讨再生骨料循环利用的可能性,对再生骨料制备的混凝土的各种性能,包括再生混凝土的力学以及耐久性能等方面做进一步的了解和深化。对再生混凝土的耐久性能之一,即再生混凝土抵抗中性化(碳化)能力,做了基础性试验研究。试验以100%再生骨料替代天然碎石和砂子制备再生混凝土试件,在二氧化碳浓度为(5±0.2)%的试验箱里促进中性化26周。试验结果,100%全再生混凝土与普通混凝土试件相比,抵抗中性化能力差,中性化几乎以3倍的速度增长。     

基于深层特征抽取的日文词义消歧系统

词义消歧的特征来源于上下文.日文兼有中英文的语言特性,特征抽取更为复杂.针对日文特点,在词义消歧逻辑模型基础上,利用最大熵模型优良的信息融合性能,采用深层特征抽取方法,引入语义、句法类特征用于消解歧义.同时,为避免偏斜指派,采用BeamSearch算法进行词义序列标注.实验结果表明,与仅使用表层词法类特征方法相比,本文构造的日文词义消歧系统的消歧精度提高2%～3%,动词消歧精度获得5%的改善.     

N-连接寡糖中岩藻糖α(1-6)-葡萄糖胺二糖骨架的区域及立体选择性合成

岩藻糖α(1-6)-氨基葡萄糖是N-glycans基本结构骨架中的重要组成部分，在该二糖的合成上，本研究利用兼有保护羟基、“armed activation”（武装活化）、区域和立体选择性功能的苄基，以甲基-2-O-苄基-3,4-二-O-乙酰-1-硫-β-L-硫代吡喃岩藻糖苷(2)为供体，在三氟甲磺酸甲酯（MeOTf）和 2,6-二-叔-丁基-4-甲基吡啶（DTBMP）催化作用下，实现了对烯丙基-3-苄基-2-脱氧-2-(2,2,2 三氯乙氧)甲酰胺基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3)的6-位羟基的-α-糖基化，从而简便有效地构建了岩藻糖α-(1-6)-氨基葡萄糖胺二糖骨架(1)。该工作有望推动含岩藻糖的N-连接寡糖的构建。