Effects of self evaluation on late ERP components

High-density event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured when participants were required to evaluate oneself, significant others (father and mother) and the most familiar public figures (Lei Feng and Jiang Qing) based on trait adjectives. There were three referential conditions and a non-referential control condition including self-evaluation (SE), significant other-evaluation (SOE), general other-evaluation (GOE), and semantic positivity-evaluation (SPE). The behavioral data showed that RTs to GOE condition were longer than the other three conditions. Scalp ERP analysis revealed that (1) SPE condition elicited a more negative N2 than SE condition, which was associated with inhibition of responses; (2) SE condition elicited a more positive P300 than SPE condition, which was an index of attention to self-relevant stimuli; (3) there was no difference on the amplitude and latency of P300 between SE and SOE conditions, which reflected that the concept of “self” included intimate others (e.g., father and mother) in Chinese culture.     

An ERP study for the degrees of the difficulty in visual search

The present study mainly probed the relationships between ERP components and the degrees of difficulty in visual search. Three experimental and one controlled conditions were randomly selected. Results showed that the P1, N1, and P2 amplitudes and latencies had no significant differences among the three experimental and one controlled conditions, and the ERP waveforms of low perceptual load of visual search were different from that of high perceptual load. These results might indicate that the latencies and amplitudes of initial P1, N1 and P2 in high and low perceptual load conditions were almost the same. The ERP waveforms of parallel search were very different from that of serial search, and the ERP waveforms of serial search were very similar. The P3 amplitudes increased as the degrees of the difficulty in visual search decreased.     

一类对称二阶Hamiltonian系统的偶同宿轨

用临界点理论中的山路引理，采用零边值问题解逼近的方法，证明了一类对称超二次二阶Hamiltonian系统非平凡偶同宿轨的存在性．     

视网膜振荡电位异常改变的临床分析

目的 对多种眼科疾病进行视网膜振荡电位(Ops)的检测及分析，探讨了视网膜振荡电位在眼科多种疾病的诊断及评估方面的临床意义。方法对261例412只眼进行Ops检测，对Ops的检测结果进行分析。结果发现糖尿病及糖尿病性视网膜病变、视网膜中央及分支静脉阻塞、高度近视及高度近视性视网膜病变、视网膜色素变性等均有不同程度的Ops总幅值改变。同时发现，老年性黄斑变性、老年性白内障、弱视、中心性浆液性视网膜脉络膜病变及轻、中度近视者，则Ops总幅值无明显改变。结论视网膜Ops的检测是临床眼科诊断及评估的有力手段。     

用子波变换分析方法实时监测视觉诱发电位的潜伏期

诱发电位的实时监测在临床中有重要意义。本文提出利用多分辨率子波分析技术来实时监测视觉诱发电位的潜伏期。为克服随机噪声的影响，我们引入相邻响应的相关系数来修正所检测得的潜伏期的偏移，并应用前一次响应的波峰位置来决定当前的搜寻范围。实验表明，本方法能实时监测视觉诱发电位的潜伏期。     

特征筛选对脑-机接口信号单次提取精度的影响

脑-之机接口的核心问题之一是通信载体信号的单次提取．在构建脑控拼写器的过程中，通过“模拟自然阅读”诱发模式产生的视觉诱发电位作为人脑与计算机之间的通信载体，采用支持向量机方法进行特征信号的单次识别．为提高识别精度，详细研究了信号时程、时段的选择对模式识别精度的影响．结果表明，信号时程越长分类精度越高，时程达到300ms时，分类精度就可达到最大值（且趋于饱和）；信号时段的选择对分类精度亦有较大影响，最佳时段在靶刺激出现后约250～350ms作为起始处．这一结果为提高系统的整体速度与精度打下了基础．     

用提升小波变换提取诱发脑电

提出了一种利用小波分解和重构进行诱发脑电信号的有效提取方法.改变了小波变换的Mallat算法运算量较大,难于满足某些实时性较高的系统需求,采用提升小波变换进行诱发电位的提取,其运算量只有传统方法的一半左右,有助于提高系统的实时性.实验结果表明:用提升小波变换提取诱发脑电信号,能有效的改进实验曲线的信噪比、缩短信号的处理时间,将可以提高BCI系统的通信速率.     

连续时间Markov控制过程的平均代价最优鲁棒控制策略

在Markov性能势基础上 ,研究了一类转移速率不确定但受紧集约束的遍历连续时间Markov控制过程 (CTMCP)的鲁棒控制问题 .根据系统的遍历性 ,平均代价Poisson方程的解可被看作是性能势的一种定义 .在平均代价准则下 ,优化控制的目标是选择一个平稳策略使得系统在参数最坏取值下能获得最小无穷水平平均代价 ,据此论文给出了求解最优鲁棒控制策略的策略迭代 (PI)算法 ,并详细讨论了算法的收敛性 .     

Phase field simulation of interatomic potentials for double phase competition during early stage precipitation

Phase field model was employed to study the variations of interatomic potentials of Ni 3 Al (L1 2 phase) and Ni 3 V (DO 22 phase) as a function of temperature and concentration. The long-range order (LRO) parameter related interatomic potentials equations formulated by Khachaturyan were utilized to establish the inversion equations for L1 2 and DO 22 phases, with which interatomic potentials could be calculated. The interatomic potentials of Ni-Al and Ni-V exhibited approximately linear increases and decreases, individually, with enhanced Al concentration. Substituting the inverted interatomic potentials into the microscopic phase field equations led to three cases of precipitation sequence: the DO 22 phase preceded L1 2 phase precipitating at the interatomic potentials of Ni-V > Ni-Al; the vice cases; and two phases precipitated simultaneously at interatomic potentials of Ni-V and Ni-Al were equal.     

记忆面孔, 男女有别: 关于面孔再认性别差异的行为与ERP研究

采用行为实验及事件相关电位技术, 通过学习-测验范式考察面孔再认中的性别差异,结果发现: (ⅰ) 女性面孔更容易被记住, 且女性很可能比男性更擅长记忆面孔. (ⅱ) 旧面孔诱发的N170 波幅更大, 表明该脑电成分可受到面孔熟悉度的调制. (ⅲ) 女性面孔诱发的N170 波幅更大, 而男性面孔引发的P2 波幅更大; 前者可能与女性面孔可变化的特征较多、需要更大的心理负载有关; 后者可能与男性面孔可变化的特征较少、再认难度较大, 从而需要更深的加工有关. (ⅳ) 新旧面孔诱发女性被试的P1 波幅存在差异, 但男性被试身上不存在此现象, 提示女性的脑活动可能比男性更早地受面孔的熟悉度所调制. 此外, 女性被试对于新旧面孔还表现出P2, N250 波幅的差异, 且女性被试新旧效应涉及的头皮范围比男性更广, 这些都为女性较好的面孔再认能力提供了电生理证据.