Hypothalamic tyrosine hydroxylase activity,plasma gonadotropin and prolactin levels after aminooxyacetic acid in ovariectomized rats

Summary Plasma concentrations of gonadotropin, prolactin and hypothalamic tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity were measured in ovariectomized rats treated with aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA), a drug which elevates brain GABA levels. Hypothalamic TH activity was significantly increased with a significant decrease in prolactin (Prl) release. Plasma levels of gonadotropins were not modified by AOAA. These results support an inhibitory action of GABA on Prl release possibly mediated through hypothalamic dopamine.Supported by grants from Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi. RIA kits for the estimation of LH, FSH and Prl were kindly supplied by Dr A.F. Parlow, NIAMDD-NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. GNB is a UGC research fellow.     

去卵巢合并单侧输尿管结扎诱导小鼠肾脏病变的研究

为研究去卵巢合并单侧输尿管结扎引起小鼠肾脏的病理变化及可能机制,选取C57BL/6J雌性小鼠为研究对象,分别设立对照组和模型组.手术3周后,取肾脏样本.使用HE,Masson’s Trichrome两种方法进行肾石蜡切片染色,通过RT-PCR技术检测肾纤维化相关因子TGF-β,CTGF,VEGF,fibronectin,炎症因子MCP-1,RANTES,肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)组分肾素(renin)、肾素受体(renin receptor)、血管紧张素原(AGT)的mRNA表达.结果显示,模型组小鼠肾小球萎缩,肾小管腔隙体积增加、膨大,肾小管间质纤维化.模型组小鼠肾脏fibronectin,MCP-1,RANTES的mRNA表达都显著上调,RAS组分renin receptor的基因表达显著上调.研究表明,去卵巢合并单侧输尿管结扎通过上调肾脏肾素受体表达,诱发肾脏纤维化与炎症反应.     

白藜芦醇对卵巢切除大鼠动脉血压及升压反应的影响

选用雌性Wistar大鼠,体重214.07±4.85 g,于双侧卵巢切除后分别皮下注射白藜芦醇RES(0.4 mg/kg)和17β-雌二醇EST(1 mg/kg)或等量溶媒芝麻油,以假手术大鼠作为对照.处理21天后,观察去势鼠及RES或EST替代治疗大鼠对血管紧张素Ⅱ、去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素的升压反应以及压力感受性反射敏感性的变化.结果发现去势大鼠收缩压(SP)、舒张压(DP)和平均动脉压(MAP)明显升高,但皮下分别注射RES或EST后,SP,DP和MAP明显降低.去势鼠对AngⅡ,NA和Adr升压反应明显减弱,MAP的升高值明显减小.皮下注射RES或EST后,去势鼠对AngⅡ和NA敏感性均有不同程度的恢复,但皮下注射RES后,去势鼠对Adr的反应无明显改善.去势鼠颈动脉窦压力感受性反射的敏感性明显减弱,表现为其升压反射中MAP的升高明显低于假手术大鼠.结果表明去势鼠静息动脉血压升高,对升压剂AngⅡ,NA,Adr和颈动脉窦压力感受性反射的升压反应明显减弱.皮下分别注射EST结构类似物,即植物雌激素RES后,去势鼠对AngⅡ,NA和颈动脉窦压力感受性反射的升压反应与EST相似均有不同程度的恢复.     

Similarity between the effects of suprachiasmatic nuclei lesions and of pinealectomy on gonadotropin release in ovariectomized,sulpiride-treated and melatonin-replaced rats

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of pineal indole treatments on LH and FSH release in pinealectomized and suprachiasmatic lesioned and ovariectomized rats rendered hyperprolactinemic by acute sulpiride treatment. pinealectomy or suprachiasmatic nuclei lesions in female rats both decreased plasma LH and FHS at 10, but not at 20 d after surgery, whereas the daily afternoon administration of melatonin effectively restored levels of both gonadotropins to control values. In ovariectomized rats, pinealectomy or suprachiasmatic nuclei lesions were ineffective in counteracting the high plasma levels of LH and FSH. However, sulpiride treatment in both pinealectomized and suprachiasmatic nuclei lesioned and castrated female rats significantly decreased the levels of LH and FSH, an effect which was counteracted by daily afternoon melatonin administration. Other pineal indoles tested, i.e., 5-hydroxy- and 5-methoxytryptophol, were ineffective in regulating gonadotropin levels. The results suggest that the pineal gland, through its hormone melatonin, can modulate gonadotropin secretion by acting on a dopamine mechanism independent of hypothalamic suprachiasmatic areas.     

Autoradiogaphic investigation of cell proliferation in the adrenal cortex of castrated female rats under the influence of oestradiol

Summary Ovariectomy and subsequent treatment with ovarian hormone produces a temporary increase in DNA-synthesizing cells in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex.     

大豆异黄酮对卵巢切除大鼠糖脂代谢和血清瘦素、抵抗素表达的影响

为探讨大豆异黄酮对卵巢切除大鼠糖脂代谢和血清瘦素、抵抗素表达的影响,将12周SD大鼠分成3组,假手术(Sham)组、卵巢切除(OVX)组和大豆异黄酮(OVX+Gen)组,每组7只,卵巢切除术后10 d,OVX组和Sham组大鼠每天腹腔注射生理盐水0.1 ml/只,OVX+Gen组每天注射大豆异黄酮0.2 mg/只,连续注射30 d后处死取血,检测子宫病理改变、血糖血脂和胰岛素水平、血清瘦素和抵抗素含量.结果发现卵巢切除后大鼠总胆固醇、HDL和LDL均增加(P<0.05),但胰岛素、血糖、甘油三酯、血清瘦素和抵抗素水平变化不明显(P>0.05);卵巢切除后补充大豆异黄酮,可促进子宫内膜上皮部分增生,但胰岛素、血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、LDL和HDL、血清瘦素和抵抗素水平均无明显变化(与OVX组相比,P>0.05),结果提示大豆异黄酮对卵巢切除大鼠糖脂代谢参数和血清瘦素、抵抗素水平影响不大.     

Lesions in suprachiasmatic nuclei simulate effects of pinealectomy on prolactin release in ovariectomized and sulpiride-treated female rats

Summary Previous studies indicate that the pineal gland alters prolactin secretion, and it was suggested that at least part of the effect of the pineal hormone melatonin on prolactin release may be mediated by the hypothalamic structures. In this study, pinealectomy and lesions of the suprachiasmatic nuclei were found to alter serum levels of prolactin in the same direction, an effect that was counteracted by daily afternoon melatonin administration. Melatonin, but not other pineal indoles, also prevented sulpiride-induced prolactin secretion in pinealectomized or suprachiasmatic nuclei-lesioned and ovariectomized rats, which suggested that the pineal gland can modulate prolactin secretion by acting through a dopamine mechanism independent of hypothalamic suprachiasmatic structures.The authors thank Ms Karen Shashok for revising the English style. This work was supported in part by a grant GG85-0168 from the Comisión Asesora de Investigación Cientifica y Ténica. The NIAMDD, through the National Pituitary Agency, supplied the radioimmunoassay materials for prolactin determinations.     

卵巢切除术对大鼠子宫内膜异位症的影响

目的：利用大鼠子宫内膜异位症动物模型,观察卵巢切除术对大鼠子宫内膜异位症的影响。方法：47只大鼠在建模后3周,第2次剖腹,观察移植物的生长情况和体积。将已成模大鼠随机分为两组：对照组（n＝23）和卵巢切除术组（n＝24）,对卵巢切除术组大鼠行双侧卵巢切除,分别观察两组动物成模后2、4、6和8周移植物的生长情况和体积。结果：与建模后3周时相比,成模后2、4、6和8周对照组大鼠移植物的生长情况和体积基本保持一致,而卵巢切除术组大鼠异位子宫内膜出现萎缩退化并且体积明显缩小,术后4、6和8周与术后2周相比,作用更明显,百术后4、6和8周之间无明显差异,术后8周仍可见异位内膜组织存在。组织学检查,对照组大鼠异位子宫内膜呈增生状态,而卵巢切除术组呈萎缩状态。结论：卵巢切除术可使子宫内膜异位症大鼠异位子宫内膜逐渐萎缩退化,但未能使其消失。     

“更可宁”防治绝经期综合征患者动脉粥样硬化的实验研究

目的 :探讨中药复方“更可宁”对去卵巢大鼠血脂谱的影响。方法 :以苯甲酸雌二醇注射剂为对照 ,观察“更可宁”对去卵巢大鼠血清HDLc、LDLc、CH、TG及HDLc/CH等值的影响。结果 :与去卵巢空白对照组比较 ,“更可宁”、雌二醇均能降低去卵巢大鼠TG值并升高其HDLc、HDLc/CH值 ,差异均有统计学意义(P <0 .0 5 ) ;二者同时还能降低去卵巢大鼠CH、LDLc值 ,但差异均无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :中药复方“更可宁”能有效调节去卵巢大鼠血脂 ,提示其具有防治动脉粥样硬化或冠心病的作用     

黄芪多糖抗去势雌鼠骨质疏松的实验研究

目的:评价黄芪多糖预防大鼠卵巢切除后骨质疏松的药效学.方法:取8月龄雌性SD大鼠44只,随机分为4组,每组11只.黄芪多糖组(APS组)大鼠切除双侧卵巢后,黄芪多糖灌胃12周,与单纯卵巢切除组(OVX组)、假手术组(SHAM组)及尼尔雌醇灌胃组(E3组)比较.采用血尿生化检测、骨干/湿重、骨生物力学、骨密度测量和骨形态计量学等方法对黄芪多糖的药效学进行综合评价.结果:与SHAM组比较,OVX组骨干重、骨灰重、骨钙含量和骨密度、抗弯力、骨小梁体积密度及宽度均明显降低,而成骨细胞指数和破骨细胞指数、尿羟脯氨酸则明显增高.黄芪多糖及E3能使上述指标显著改善,接近正常水平.结论:黄芪多糖具有明显抗去势雌鼠骨质疏松作用.