山区积温分布推算方法的研究

积温是农业气候热量资源的重要指标。本文提出了山区积温的推算方法、得出了各种小地形的积温效应值。该方法在福建省沙溪流域山区实际应用的结果是令人满意的。     

Micro/-nanoscaled topography-coupled-mechanical action into functional biointerface

The micro/-nanoscaled functional biointerfaces aroused much interest of their key unit element to present unique functions. So far it is still difficult to describe the whole picture of this process. More and more evidences are beginning to support the theory of ‘‘mirco/-nanotopography-coupled-mechanical(TCM) action' into functional biointerfaces.Herein, we aim to highlight TCM action on varied micro/-nanoscaled functional biointerfaces, namely to achieve better understanding of micro/-nanoscaled structures by introducing interfacial mechanical behaviors. In this article, recent progressions on ‘‘TCM on air/liquid/solid-phase biointerfaces in nature', ‘‘in vivo TCM behaviors at micro/-nanoscales' ',‘‘TCM in micro/-nanoscaled artificial surface with living Cells' ' and ‘‘topography, interfacial curvature, mechanics' 'are reviewed. Certain new concepts of ‘‘TCM action based on spatial curvature', ‘‘medically functional biointerfaces' ' and‘‘biomechanopharmacology' are also proposed.     

AutoCAD R14环境下的地形图矢量化

在测绘领域，数字地形图的需求越来越广。传统的地形图大都是描绘在 纸张、薄膜、复照底片和涤纶胶片等介质上，即模拟图。随着计算机和电子测绘仪器的广泛普及，使数字地形图的实现得到迅猛发展。笔采用Visual Lisp语言，利用AutoCAD R14二次开发的程序，实现地形图矢量化。     

Scanning electron microscopy of Echinostoma trivolvis and E. caproni (Trematoda) adults from experimental infections in the Golden Hamster

Scanning electron microscopy was used to compare the topography of Echinostoma trivolvis and E. caproni adults grown in golden hamsters for 15 days. The oral sucker of E. caproni was well-defined whereas that of E. trivolvis was not. Collar spines of E. trivolvis were contoured whereas those of E. caproni were smooth. The tegumentary spines of E. trivolvis were scale-like whereas those in E. caproni were thorn-like. The acetabular lip of E. trivolvis bore abundant papillae but relatively few spines; this situation was reversed on the acetabulum of E. caproni. A folded protuberance of unknown function was located just posterior to the genital pore in E. trivolvis; this structure was absent in E. caproni.     

基于RTK技术的大比例尺地形图测绘——以新疆师范大学温泉校区为例

文章通过载波相位差分技术(RTK)完成了新疆师范大学温泉校区的大比例尺地形图外业测量工作,利用GIS软件绘制成图,并制作了温泉校区空间三维模型。利用数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model,DEM)测算了温泉校区的土方平衡,此项工作为温泉校园的规划和建设提供了可靠的基础地理信息数据。     

台湾海峡地形地质特征及其通道工程选线

台湾海峡地处太平洋板块和欧亚板块碰撞带的前沿,地壳活动强烈,地震也时有发生。海峡主体属台西盆地,西界为滨海断裂带,与闽浙隆起相邻。海峡中部主要断裂,包括晋江凹陷东界主断层(F2)和九龙江凹陷东南界主断层(F3),可能在晚上新世,甚至第四纪仍有活动。海峡南北部地形明显不同,北部地形走向为NE向,总体呈槽隆相间的格局,最大水深约90m;南部相对平坦,地形走向NS-NNW,最大水深68~70m。从拟选通道线附近的地震剖面来看,A、B、C三线附近海底均有断层,其中A、B两线F2断层明显,至少切到上新统顶界,甚至可能切入第四系;C线断层切至上新统顶界部,但主断层F3似止于上新统中部,第四纪后不再活动。台湾海峡的地震活动,南部强于北部。结合地形、地质条件、地震特征及设想隧道选线看,北线可能优于中线和南线。但由于现有资料不足以确定海底地质灾害的分布特征,建议对海峡进一步开展以工程地质、地质灾害为目的的中比例尺调查,为通道工程的科学选线提供依据。     

基于SRTM DEM数据的中国地形起伏度分析研究

地形起伏度是区域水土流失评价的最佳地形指标,地形起伏度的分析研究对于区域水土流失定量评价具有重要意义.首先利用邻域统计分析法,在不同大小邻域窗口下(2 ×2,3 ×3,4×4,…,25×25,30×30,35×35,40×40,45×45,50 ×50)对中国地形起伏度进行了提取;然后运用均值交点分析法完成了最佳统计单元的计算,结果11×11网格大小可作为曲线变化的拐点,即为曲线由陡变缓的阀值.从而得出基于90m×90m SRTM DEM数据的中国地形起伏度提取的最佳统计单元为11×11网格大小;接着完成了中国水土流失地形起伏度分级图的绘制;最后对地形起伏度特征作了初步分析.     

Quantitative analysis of torrential rainfall associated with typhoon landfall： A case study of typhoon Haitang （2005）

A quantitative analysis of torrential rainfall associated with typhoon Haitang (2005) is carried out using a modified moist ageostrophic Q vector and data from Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulation. Four major factors determining the ascending motion associated with torrential rainfall have been studied: large-scale and convective condensational heating, topographic lifting and friction. The results show that the convective condensational heating plays a major role in the torrential rainfall process and the large-scale condensational heating is secondary before the landfall of typhoon Haitang, and vice versa after the landfall. The topographic lifting affects the formation of rainfall whereas the topographic friction has important impacts on torrential rainfall after the landfall. The rainfall amounts forced by topographic friction and lifting have similar horizontal distributions but the magnitudes of the former are 2－3 times larger than those of the latter. The rainfall amounts forced by topography (lifting and friction) and modified moist ageostrophic Q vector have different horizontal distributions and the magnitudes of the former are 2－5 times larger than those of the latter. Synthetic analysis shows that the typhoon rainfall may be motivated by modified moist ageostrophic Q vector and enhanced further by the topographic effects.     

中β尺度地形与贵州冰雹和暴雨的关系

用滤波方法把贵州省中西部地区的地形分解成中β尺度地形场和较大尺度地形场，从中了解到中β尺度地形的特殊波形及由此而形成的较大纬向梯度与冰雹和暴雨的频繁发生有关；较大尺度地形的纬向和经向梯度与冰雹和暴雨的频繁发生也有一定的关系。从冰雹和暴雨的个例分析得知，中β尺度地形引起的较大地形上升速度与冰雹的发生及特大暴雨区降水强度的变化密切相关