String theory,Einstein, and the identity of physics: Theory assessment in absence of the empirical

String theorists are certain that they are practicing physicists. Yet, some of their recent critics deny this. This paper argues that this conflict is really about who holds authority in making rational judgment in theoretical physics. At bottom, the conflict centers on the question: who is a proper physicist? To illustrate and understand the differing opinions about proper practice and identity, we discuss different appreciations of epistemic virtues and explanation among string theorists and their critics, and how these have been sourced in accounts of Einstein's biography. Just as Einstein is claimed by both sides, historiography offers examples of both successful and unsuccessful non-empirical science. History of science also teaches that times of conflict are often times of innovation, in which novel scholarly identities may come into being. At the same time, since the contributions of Thomas Kuhn historians have developed a critical attitude towards formal attempts and methodological recipes for epistemic demarcation and justification of scientific practice. These are now, however, being considered in the debate on non-empirical physics.     

颈沟基合(Bosminoposis deitersi Richard)种群的滤食率初探

对颈沟基合（Ｂ．ｄｅｒｔｅｒｓｉ）种群的滤食率进行了初步的研究同时，对影响滤食率的几种主要因素，如水温、光照、饵料生物等，也做了初步定量的研究     

关于《土生子》中象征意义写作手法的运用

基于对美国作家理查德.赖特的浊说《土生子》的深层次理解,对其大量具有象征意义的写作手法进行了深入的分析,以求探讨这部具有不可思议吸引力的小说的真谛。     

盾叶薯蓣根茎产量和质量的几个影响因素

以不同地区的盾叶薯蓣根茎及种子为实验材料，研究了生育期、种茎质地及根茎含水量3个因素与根茎产量和质量(皂素含量)的相关性．结果表明：(1)对于无性繁殖植株，花前期过长不利于根茎的增长和皂素的合成；(2)种根茎皂素含量高，则子根茎的皂素含量也高；(3)一年生无性繁殖植株的根茎含水量与干姜皂素含量呈显著性正相关，与根茎重量相关不显著．有性繁殖植株的根茎含水量与干姜皂素含量达极显著正相关，且与单株皂素含量也达显著正相关．     

多刺秀体与隆线以及多刺裸腹3个种群的耐盐力初探

在实验室内对种群水平上的多刺秀体（Ｄ．ｓａｒｓｉＲｉｃｈａｒｄ）,隆线（Ｄ．ｃａｒｉｎａｔａＫｉｎｇ）和多刺裸腹（Ｍ．ｍａｃｒｏｃｏｐａＳｔｒａｕｓ）进行了耐盐力的测试,用多刺秀体种群作相关影响因素的测试,包括盐价,温度和种群年龄结构引起的差异,并用该种群中成活;昏迷;死亡个体作染色实验,确定盐在体内沉积的部位,结果表明：盐对多刺秀体种群的半致死浓度为０１８９‰;隆线种群１１２５‰;多刺裸腹种群２８２８‰．盐价和温度对种群的半致死率起着协同作用．盐水被枝角类吞食后沉积在肠道内,死亡个体全部因为无法排出盐水而涨破肠道导致死亡     

Thomas Reid’s Newtonian Theism: his differences with the classical arguments of Richard Bentley and William Whiston

Reid was a Newtonian and a Theist, but did he found his Theism on Newton’s physics? In opposition to commonplace assumptions about the role of Theism in Reid’s philosophy, my answer is no. Reid prefers to found his Theism on a priori reasons, rather than on physics. Reid’s understanding of physics as an empirical science stops it from contributing in any clear and efficient way to issues of natural theology. In addition, Reid is highly sceptical of our ability to discover the efficient and final causes of natural phenomena, knowledge of which is essential for natural theology. To bring out Reid’s differences with classical Newtonian Theists Richard Bentley and William Whiston, I examine their use of the law and force of general gravitation, and reconstruct what would be Reidian objections.     

理查德·赖特《黑孩子》中的“饥饿”主题解读

"饥饿"是理查德·赖特《黑孩子》(《美国饥饿》)的主题之一。对理查德·赖特而言,生活的意义在于努力寻求生命的价值。本文通过分析和解读"饥饿"的表面意义和象征意义,旨在使读者更好地理解这部小说的现实意义。     

On ＂Richard Cory＂

＂Richard Cory＂ is one of Edwin Arlington Robinson＇s remarkable poems. The form of the poem is traditional. The words in the poem are seemingly simple but particularly chosen. The theme of the poem is about the importance of the spiritual life. As time goes on, the poem is still displaying lasting and universal meaning.     

Scientific Discovery: Between Incommensurability of Paradigms and Historical Continuity

Discoveries in physics imply two elements. The firstone is the belief that formal tools, already foundedin the framework of existing mathematical theories,may offer the solution to a puzzling anomaly. Thesecond one is the ability to assign a physical meaningto the adopted formalism, and to consider all itstheoretical implications.Discussing an historical case where the adoption of aparticular formalism represents the real motor of thecreative intuition, we mean to delineate scientificdiscovery both as a discontinuous change with respectto previous achievements and as a linear process ofknowledge enrichment.On March 1948, during the Pocono conference thatfollowed the one held in Shelter Island, Feynmananalysed the electron-photon interaction formulatingit in terms of the Lagrangian formalism. Thedevelopment of Feynman's idea draws attention to thepoint that novel theoretical discoveries may be theresult of applying existing formal tools. They may bethe result of giving different interpretations toprevious scientific thinking (according to thehermeneutical point that not even scientific textshave a single, absolute meaning but are given amultiplicity of possible readings by different peoplein different contexts).     

高效液相色谱法-蒸发光散射检测器测定盾叶薯蓣中薯蓣皂苷的含量

建立以蒸发光散射检测器(ELSD)测定盾叶薯蓣中薯蓣皂苷含量的高效液相色谱分析方法,考察了不同产地盾叶薯蓣中薯蓣皂苷的含量.色谱柱为HiQsil C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,10μm),流动相为乙腈-水(33∶67),流速为0.8 mL/min,柱温为室温.Alltech蒸发光散射检测器参数:载气为氮气,流速为2.5mL/min,漂移管温度为100℃,压力为0.45 Mpa.结果表明:薯蓣皂苷在0.35~3.48μg范围内有良好线性关系,r=0.9976,平均回收率为103.2%,RSD为1.61%(n=6).该方法快速简便,灵敏度高,结果准确可靠,可用于盾叶薯蓣药材中薯蓣皂苷的分析及质量检测与控制.