No sex difference in the waveform of the pulse type electric fish,Gnathonemus petersii (Mormyridae)

Summary A communication signal in an African freshwater electric fish, its pulse-like Electric Organ Discharge (EOD), was investigated in order to determine whether inter- or intraindividual variability of the EOD waveform provides a putative cue for communication, in addition to the electric cues already identified. In contrast to an individual's highly stereotyped EODs showing extremely low variation (fig. 1), variability between individuals was considerable (fig. 2). The dependence of an individual's EOD duration on temperature was weak with a Q₁₀ of close to 1.5. In none of four quantitative EOD waveform measures can a sexual dimorphism be discerned (table).Gnathonemus petersii very likely relies on mechanisms other than discrimination of intraspecific EOD waveforms for mate recognition.     

Olfactory ensheathing cells are attracted to, and can endocytose, bacteria

Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) have been shown previously to express Toll-like receptors and to respond to bacteria by translocating nuclear factor-kappaB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. In this study, we show that OECs extended significantly more pseudopodia when they were exposed to Escherichia coli than in the absence of bacteria (p=0.019). Co-immunoprecipitation showed that E. coli binding to OECs was mediated by Toll-like receptor 4. Lyso-Tracker, a fluorescent probe that accumulates selectively in lysosomes, and staining for type 1 lysosome-associated membrane proteins demonstrated that endocytosed FITC-conjugated E. coli were translocated to lysosomes. They appeared to be subsequently broken down, as shown by transmission electron microscopy. No obvious adherence to the membrane and less phagocytosis was observed when OECs were incubated with inert fluorescent microspheres. The ability of OECs to endocytose bacteria supports the notion that OECs play an innate immune function by protecting olfactory tissues from bacterial infection.     

Beagle犬体重与各脏器重量之间关系的回归分析

对４５只Ｂｅａｇｌｅ犬的体重与各脏器重量之间的关系进行了回归分析，并计算出相应的直线回归方程。对Ｂｅａｇｌｅ犬的脏器系数进行分析，显示脾脏、胸腺的变异系数较大，提示根据动物的脾脏、胸腺重量来评价其免疫功能时，要慎重考虑。     

CMU/1和CMU/2近交系长爪沙鼠脏器系数的比较

目的 对近交系CMU/1和CMU/2长爪沙鼠的体质量和主要脏器质量进行测定, 探索与建立长爪沙鼠主要脏器的生物学指标体系,为动物实验提供必要参数。方法 选择3～ 4 月龄近交系长爪沙鼠,分别称体质量与脏器质量, 进行统计学分析。结果 CMU/1和CMU/2近交系长爪沙鼠的肺脏器系数差异显著,其它差异不显著;Kendall和谐系数(W)接近1,其主要器官整体发育协调性较好;直线回归方程, CMU/1的胸腺P<0.05,CMU/2的肝、肺P<0.05,两样本间有线性关系。其中CMU/1的肝、脾、肾上腺、卵巢、胰腺和CMU/2的胸腺与体质量呈正相关。结论 CMU/1及CMU/2近交系长爪沙鼠脏器系数中肺脏器系数差异显著,基因型对近交系长爪沙鼠脏器系数无明显影响。     

壳聚糖对肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫器官指数的影响

本试验将120只健康1日龄肉仔鸡（公、母混合）随机分成5组,每组设4个重复,每个重复6只鸡.在各组基础饲料中分别添加0、50、100、150mg/kg的壳聚糖,第5组在基础日粮中添加6mg/kg黄霉素.经42d的饲养试验,研究不同水平的壳聚糖对肉仔鸡生长性能及免疫器官指数的影响.结果表明：100mg/kg壳聚糖处理组与对照组比,显著提高肉仔鸡平均日增重并降低了料肉比（P〈0.05）.壳聚糖对肉鸡的免疫功能有所提高.     

中国大鲵胚胎发育形态特性比较研究

通过观察在全人工繁育条件下大鲵的胚胎发育及器官的形成过程,对比仿天然生态养殖的大鲵胚胎发育过程,对大鲵从受精卵到孵化为幼苗出膜进行了连续系统的形态学观察.结果发现:人工繁育的大鲵在胚胎发育至神经胚期和器官形成期,有明显的"神经沟出现"、"视泡形成"和"心脏跳动"的特征,因而在传统分期的基础上增加了"神经沟期"、"视泡形成期"和"心脏跳动期",从而将大鲵的胚胎发育过程细化为23个时期;虽然同种大鲵的人工繁育和仿生态养殖方式绝大部分发育时期的外形特征基本相同,但在卵裂期和神经胚期依旧存在差异;并利用人工繁育技术,提高其孵化率,为进一步研究大鲵的人工繁育提供理论基础和实验材料.     

浅析园林植物在新农村建设中的应用

本文从植物景观的角度出发,围绕嗅觉,触觉,听觉,视觉等景观的营建与实现予以探讨,希望为农村创造一个新的居住环境,提升农民生活质量,缩小城乡差别。使农村呈现出＂村在林中、路在绿中、房在园中、人在景中＂的优美景观。     

5～7周龄SD和Wistar大鼠主要脏器系数及体尺的测定

目的测定5~7周龄SD和Wistar大鼠体重、脏器、肠道及体尺的正常参考值。方法对动物禁食12 h,称量动物体重后,采用45 mg/kg的戊巴比妥钠腹腔注射,处死动物。首先用直尺测量动物的头长、体长、尾长,然后对动物进行解剖,称量各组织脏器的重量,并对小肠、盲肠、回肠、直肠及全长进行测量。结果对于SD大鼠而言,心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、脑、睾丸及卵巢脏器系数表现为第7周与第5周之间存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。对于Wistar大鼠而言,心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胸腺及脑脏器系数表现为第6、7周与第5周之间存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。雄性Wistar大鼠的小肠、盲肠、结肠、直肠表现为第7周与第5周之间存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。SD大鼠头长和体长表现为第6、7周与第5周之间存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。Wistar大鼠的头长、体长及尾长都表现为第67、周与第5周之间存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。结论5~7周龄SD和Wistar大鼠的脏器系数、消化道长度及体尺在不同周龄之间存在显著差异,且不同的品系、不同性别之间呈现出不同的变化规律。     

上级检察机关统一选任人民监督员的利弊分析

加强对职务犯罪查办工作的监督制约尤其是外部监督制约,是理论界与实务部门一直关注并致力解决的重要问题。我国人民监督员制度是具有中国特色的可行性很强的一项重要制度,需要在实践中继续坚持和完善。为了让检察机关确实受到人民监督员真正而有效的监督,人民监督员的选任程序问题应该是这项检察制度改革的一个重要环节,只有选准、选好人民监督员。切实发挥人民监督员的监督制约作用,才能达到预期的效果。     

Effect of olfactory ensheathing cells on reactive astrocytes <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis>

Olfactory ensheathing cells have been used in several studies to promote repair in the injured spinal cord. However, cellular interaction between olfactory ensheathing cells and glial cells induced to be reactive in the aftermath of injury site has not been investigated. Using an in vitro model of astrogliosis, we show that reactive astrocytes expressed significantly less glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) when cultured both in direct contact with olfactory ensheathing cells and when the two cell types were separated by a porous membrane. Immunofluorescence staining also suggested that reactive astrocytes showed decreased chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in the presence of olfactory ensheathing cells, although the reduction was not statistically significant. No down-regulation of GFAP was observed when reactive astrocytes were similarly cultured with Schwann cells. Cell viability assay and bromodeoxyuridine uptake showed that proliferation of reactive astrocytes was significantly increased in the presence of olfactory ensheathing cells and Schwann cells. Received 27 February 2007; received after revision 30 March 2007; accepted 3 April 2007