半群方法在发汗控制问题中的应用

本文研究执防护发汗冷却控制中的自由边界解的存在性、唯一性，应用算子半群方法得出了解的存在性、唯一性，所用的方法对一般非线性、抛转型偏微分方程和高维情形也适用．     

Interactional expertise through the looking glass: a peek at mirror neurons

Interactional expertise is here to stay. Undoubtedly, in some sense of the word, one can attain a linguistic expert level within a field without full scale practical immersion. In the context of the idea of embodied cognition, the claim is provocative. How can an interactional expert acquire full linguistic competence without the simultaneous bodily engagement and real life interaction needed to get the language right? How can one understand the concept of hammering if one has never seen a hammer or felt the weight of the iron head on a fragile thumb? Here I will explore a strange and second-hand way in which bodily engagement could have an impact on our linguistic abilities; this is via the so called mirror neuron system. Since the mirror neuron system blurs the distinction between first and third person activity it can help us understand some of the enigmatic aspects of interactional expertise and pose further questions for research.     

地球灾变的生物学意义——《祸从天降——恐龙灭绝之谜》一书读后

本文就许靖华教授《祸从天降——恐龙灭绝之谜》一书,讨论地球灾变的生物学意义。作者认为:地球灾变事实的发现没有否定,而是补充和丰富自然选择理论,达尔文主义强调生物进化的渐变性和连续性;生物进化的灾变说强调生物进化的间断性;这是两种不同的自然观。但是,不能认为它们是相互否定的,而是相互补充的。生物学研究既把渐变论作为工作哲学,又把灾变论作为工作哲学,前者适用于生物进化的渐变时期,后者适用于生物进化的灾变(环境危机)时期。     

试论化石证明生物进化的模糊性

化石是古生物存在的见证,是证明生物进化最直接、最重要材料。但又存在着许多模糊之处。本文根据古生物学和现代生物进化论的研究成就,就化石证明生物进化中存在的模糊问题进行了理论性阐述。     

从序列到演化──天体演化学的重要研究方法

提出了从序列到演化方法是天体演化学的一种重要的研究方法．笔者认为该方法不仅适用于天体演化学领域研究天体演化问题，而且可以移植、推广到地质演化学、生物进化论等领域研究地质演化、生物进化等问题．     

计算离散动力系统不稳定周期轨道的精英子空间差异演化算法

通过把探索周期轨道的问题转化为一个非负函数的极小化问题,基于空间收缩的思想,反复重新初始化种群以提高群体的差异性,提高对可行域探测的有效性,提出一类精英子空间差异演化算法求解不同类型非线性映射的不稳定周期轨道,对典型离散动力系统的初步仿真结果表明该算法是一种计算不稳定周期轨道的稳健有效算法.     

主要发达国家第三代创新政策实践与启示

随着新业态、新模式与互联网+时代的全面来临,创新范式发生了新一轮革新——第三代创新政策孕育而生。美国、欧盟、新加坡等发达国家在践行第三代创新政策上抢先一步,并各自形成了政策实践特点。本文系统性梳理了若干发达国家的第三代创新政策实践典型案例,以期对我国“十三五”科技规划部署、新一轮的创新政策制定以及区域创新体系顶层设计有所启发。     

Further details concerning the Darwin–Wallace presentation to the Linnean Society in 1858, including its submission on 1 July,not 30 June

Evidence from the Linnean Society’s ledger of papers received in 1858 points to 1 July as the date of submission of the Darwin–Wallace papers for the famous meeting of the same evening. It has been widely assumed, and repeatedly stated, that the submission was on 30 June. but this article shows that this seems to be a wrong assumption. Acceptance of this later submission date also provides an explanation of the ‘oddities’ in the letter of transmittal. In turn, this reading implies further details about the separate roles of Hooker and Lyell in the crucial 13 days before the meeting.     

进化论视域中的道德——恩斯特·迈尔的道德进化思想研究

迈尔对道德的进化问题具有深刻的认识和精致的论证。他对生物利他现象与人类道德行为的关系做了辩证的思考,认为利他现象与道德行为既有密切的联系,又有本质的区别。他从生物进化与文化进化协同的视角研究了道德规范的形成与传递,认为道德规范是后天习得的,但也与遗传下来的倾向和能力有关。他还从进化人道主义立场出发,提出道德规范应该具有的适应性与灵活性。     

Trolling for water striders: active searching for prey and the evolution of reduced webs in the spider Wendilgarda sp. (Araneae,Theridiosomatidae)

Wendilgarda sp. builds unusually simple webs attached to the surface of water. The simplest design consists of a single vertical line with sticky material near the bottom that is attached at the top to a single horizontal line and at the bottom to the water surface. The spider usually sits immobile waiting for prey as the sticky line skates erratically across the surface of the water, but some spiders actively dragged their webs back and forth across the water. The web's simplicity is apparently derived with respect to the webs of other Wendilgarda species, as spiders sometimes made more complex webs similar to typical Wendilgarda webs. The simplicity of W. sp. webs may be causally related to two other unusual traits: extreme variability in web design and construction behaviour and web manipulation behaviour; and construction of prey capture webs with sticky lines by mature males, confirmed here for the first time in a confirmed member of an orb-weaving family. Some behavioural innovations in Wendilgarda, such as the attachment of a short segment of non-sticky silk to the water surface just prior to laying each segment of sticky line, may represent blocks of behaviour that have been shifted temporally in the web construction sequence.