A phylogenetic reappraisal of the birdwing genus Ornithoptera (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae: Troidini) and a new theory of its evolution in relation to Gondwanan vicariance biogeography

The troidine papilionid genus Ornithoptera is shown to be distinct from Troides In order to reappraise the interrelationships of the member species of Ornithoptera, and to test the resultant theory of their evolution against biogeographical data, the genus is revised using Hennigian cladistic methodology through computer analysis. The input data for this was drawn equally from immature stages and adult characters. A single cladogram hypothesising the likely phylogeny of the Ornithoptera species was generated. With minor weighting of a single important adult character, a further two cladograms were generated, one of which is similar to hypotheses proposed by previous workers. Based on these findings, and on ecological data, notably larval foodplant relations with Aristolochiaceae, as well as present-day biogeographical data, a new theory of the origin and evolution of Ornithoptera is presented which fits well Gondwanan vicariance events ascertained by geological studies: essentially that Ornithoptera evolved on northward drifting Australia, allopatrically from Troides on the Indian plate, and therefore that Ornithoptera did not reach the Australian Subregion via Troides-like ancestors in Southeast Asia as has been previously postulated. As ‘living fossils’ representative of an ancient, Gondwanaland-derived, austral faunal element, the Ornithoptera should be regarded even more highly in terms of their ‘conservation value’.     

大花细辛叶提取物对小鼠热板致痛的镇痛作用

目的：研究大花细辛叶乙醇提取物的镇痛活性及其镇痛活性组分。方法：通过小鼠热板法,研究大花细辛叶的乙醇提取物以及采用系统溶剂法分离得到的5个组分的镇痛活性。结果：大花细辛叶95％乙醇提取物(500 mg/kg)能提高小鼠痛阈值,正丁醇萃取部分(500 mg/kg)能显著提高痛阈值且优于对照组阿司匹林(200 mg/kg)...     

关木通中的苯丙素成分研究

首次从关木通（Ａｒｉｓｔｏｌｏｃｈｉａ ｍａｎｓｈｕｒｉｅｎｓｉｓ Ｋｏｍ．）的乙酸乙酯提取物中分离出７个苯丙素类化合物,其中两个为８－Ｏ－４′新木脂素：１－（４－羟基－３－甲氧基－苯基）－２－｛２－甲氧基－４－「１－（Ｅ）－丙烯－３－醇」－苯氧基｝－丙烷－１,３－二醇（赤式）（１）,１－（４－羟基－３－甲氧基－苯基）－２－｛２,６－二甲氧基－４－「１－（Ｅ）－丙烯－３－醇」－苯氧基｝－丙烷－１,