盐酸托莫西汀早或晚单次给药治疗注意缺陷多动障碍的疗效比较

目的:比较盐酸托莫西汀每日晨服或晚服一次治疗注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的疗效与安全性.方法:采用随机对照开放性设计,将91例ADHD患儿分为晨服组和晚服组,其中晨服组49例,晚服组42例,均使用盐酸托莫西汀治疗8周.采用ADHD父母评定量表第4版(ADHDRS-IV-Parent:Inv)、Conners'简式父母评...     

Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor α4 Subunit Gene Variation Associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Previous pharmacological, human genetics, and animal models have implicated the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α4 subunit (CHRNA4) gene in the pathogenesis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The objective of this study is to examine the genetic association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CHRNA4 gene (rs2273502, rs1044396, rs1044397, and rs3827020 loci) and ADHD. Both case-control and family-based designs are used. Children aged 6 to 16 years were interviewed and assessed wi...     

基于功能磁共振ADHD病人的分类

提出一个从个体水平来区分注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)病人与健康系统的方法.找到了敏感的神经影像标记,通过这些特征利用SVM分类器留一交叉验证的准确率可以达到78.28%,敏感性为64.36%,特征性为88.11%.本文提出的方法将有助于ADHD病人的诊断与治疗,同时可以运用到其他更多的精神疾病诊断方面.     

关于自闭症儿童自伤行为的研究

通过对三例自闭症儿童与一例ADHD儿童案例的对比分析，探寻引发自闭症儿童自伤行为的原因与行为表现特征。研究结果表明：产生自闭症自伤行为的原因是多样的，不仅仅是因为自身需要得不到满足，还包括了强化影响及情绪表达与宣泄等因素；自闭症儿童自伤行为多于攻击性行为；自伤行为在自闭症儿童中具有普遍性，在教育方法得当的情况下，其自伤行为发生的程度轻，频率低。     

Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor α4 Subunit Gene Variation Associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Previous pharmacological, human genetics, and animal models have implicated the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α4 subunit (CHRNA4) gene in the pathogenesis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The objective of this study is to examine the genetic association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CHRNA4 gene (rs2273502, rs1044396, rs1044397, and rs3827020 loci) and ADHD. Both case-control and family-based designs are used. Children aged 6 to 16 years were interviewed and assessed with the children behavior checklist and the revised conner' parent rating scale to identify probands. No significant differences in the frequency distribution of genotypes or alleles were found between the case and control groups. However, further haplotype analyses showed the CCGG haplotype on risk for ADHD in 164 case-control samples and the standard transmission disequilibrium test analyses suggest that the allele C of rs2273502 was over-transferred in 98 ADHD parent-offspring trios. These findings suggest that the CHRNA4 gene may play a role in the pathogenesis of ADHD.     

ADHD系统式执行技能训练中的父亲参与现况及影响因素

 为探讨注意缺陷与多动障碍（ADHD）系统式执行技能训练中父亲参与的现况和影响因素,选取参与ADHD系统式执行技能训练的9个家庭,通过半定式访谈评估父亲参与的现况和影响因素,结合治疗前后ADHD评定量表以及父母养育量表变化进行分析。结果表明,父亲参与态度包含动机和期待2个维度,动机维度包括内部动机（需要学习育儿方法）和外部动机（症状影响学业,父母教育观念分歧,不良亲子关系）,期待维度包括希望缓解ADHD症状、改善儿童情绪;父亲参与行动包括既往求助（包括学习相关知识、陪同就诊咨询）,和当前参与治疗（参与度中位数90.7%）。父亲参与的影响因素包括启动因素和维持因素,其中启动因素包括个人因素（父亲的精神状况、对疾病的认知、责任感）,家庭因素（母亲的要求）,社会因素（机构专业性、专业人员的建议、学校及他人的建议）,维持因素包括治疗效果和治疗形式。     

大学生注意力缺陷过动症的评估及应对策略

注意力缺陷过动症（ADHD）一直被认为仅仅是儿童或青少年期的症状,其在我国成人及大学生中的发病情况尚未受到足够的重视,特别是对于轻度症状、情绪失调及隐性学习障碍者,鲜有这方面的研究。对成人及大学生中ADHD的诸多原因进行剖析,并且对其不同类型,包括隐匿性缺陷等类型从发病史、神经心理、心理教育到情感波动进行全面评估。针对大学生的特殊需求提出了适当干预及应对措施,以期有助于缓解或抵消情绪失调造成的影响,减轻和消除ADHD对个人、家庭和社会的损害,促其学有所成,由社会的负担变为创造财富之人。     

CPT-SST测试仪的设计与应用

采用单片机的形式研制了儿童注意力检测仪器CPT-SST测试仪,实现了持续性操作测验和停止信号任务在单片机上的测量.实验结果表明该仪器具有良好的诊断能力,可用于儿童多动症的诊断.     

注意缺陷多动障碍模型大鼠血清氨基酸观察

目的通过观察注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）模型大鼠虹清氨基酸含量变化,为研究ADHD的发病机制提供依据。方法采用开场试验对自发性高血压大鼠和正常大鼠进行行为观察,并采用丹酰氯柱前衍生高效液相色谱法测定血清氨基酸含量。结果实验组大鼠在白天及夜晚开场中的穿越格子数、直立次数显著多于对照组大鼠,血清谷氨酸、酪氨酸、丝氨酸显著低于正常对照组,苏氨酸显著高于正常对照组。结论ADHD模型大鼠血浆氨基酸含量发生了改变,其中某些与神经递质合成有关的氨基酸改变较显著。     

Genetics on the neurodiversity spectrum: Genetic,phenotypic and endophenotypic continua in autism and ADHD

How we ought to diagnose, categorise and respond to spectrum disabilities such as autism and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a topic of lively debate. The heterogeneity associated with ADHD and autism is described as falling on various continua of behavioural, neural, and genetic difference. These continua are varyingly described either as extending into the general population, or as being continua within a given disorder demarcation. Moreover, the interrelationships of these continua are likewise often vague and subject to diverse interpretations.In this paper, I explore geneticists' and self-advocates’ perspectives concerning autism and ADHD as continua. These diagnoses are overwhelmingly analysed as falling on a continuum or continua of underlying traits, which supports the notion of “the neurodiversity spectrum”, i.e., a broader swath of human neural and behavioural diversity on which some concentrations of different functioning are diagnosed. I offer a taxonomy of conceptions of the genetic, phenotypic, and endophenotypic dimensionality within and beyond these diagnostic categories, and suggest that the spectrum of neurodiversity is characteristically endophenotypic.