Polypeptide translocation machinery of the yeast endoplasmic reticulum

Proteins enter the secretory pathway by two general routes. In one, the complete polypeptide is made in the cytoplasm and held in an incompletely folded state by chaperoning adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases) such as hsp70. InSaccharomyces cerevisiae, fully synthesized secretory precursors engage the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane by interaction with a set of Sec proteins comprising the polypeptide translocation apparatus (Sec61p, Sec62p, Sec63p, Sec71p, Sec72p). Productive interaction requires displacement of hsp70 from the precursor, a reaction that is facilitated by Ydj1p, a homologue of theEscherichia coli DnaJ protein. Both DnaJ and Ydj1p regulate chaperone activity by stimulating the ATPase activity of their respective hsp70 partners (E. coli DnaK andS. cerevisiae Ssa1p, resepectively). In the ER lumen, another hsp70 chaperone, BiP, binds ATP and interacts with the ER membrane via its contact with a peptide loop of Sec63p. This loop represents yet another DnaJ homologue in that it contains a region of 70 residue similarity to the J box, the most conserved region of the DnaJ family of proteins. In the presence of ATP, under conditions in which BiP can bind to Sec63p, the secretory precursor passes from the cytosol into the lumen through a membrane channel formed by Sec61 p. A second route to the membrane pore that is used by many other secretory precursors, particularly in mammalian cells, requires that the polypeptide engage the ER membrane as the nascent chain emerges from the ribosome. Such cotranslational translocation bypasses the need for certain Sec proteins, instead utilizing an alternate set of cytosolic and membrane factors that allows the nascent chain to be inserted directly into the Sec61p channel.     

70%彪虎防除冬小麦田禾本科杂草药效试验

近年来,山东省冬小麦田禾本科杂草种群密度呈逐年上升趋势,杂草种类较多,其中雀麦、节节麦对小麦的危害尤为突出,已成为麦田的主要杂草,常年危害严重度平均达20-30%,严重地块达到50-60%,常用化学除草剂对其防除效果也不明显。为此引进了防除麦田禾本科杂草的新型除草剂--70%彪虎WG进行药效试验。70%彪虎WG是一种新型防治小麦田禾本科杂草的超高效选择性除草剂,有效成分为:磺酰胺羰基三唑啉酮。其独创的有效成分可被杂草的根和茎叶吸收,通过抑制杂草乙酰乳酸合成酶的活性,破坏其正常的生理生化代谢而发挥杀草活性。结果表明,70%彪虎WG是一种防除冬小麦田禾本科杂草的非常理想的药剂,并且对鲁麦23号等冬小麦非常安全;并且该药剂对播娘蒿、荠菜等阔叶杂草也有很好的防治效果。山东省内建议用药时间为10月下旬-11月上中旬,推广用药量为2-3g/亩。     

国产X70管线钢与焊接接头组织及SSCC性能

输气管道的服役条件多为潮湿环境,输送介质含H2S.随着国产X70管线钢在西气东输工程中的应用,国产高强度管线钢硫化物应力腐蚀开裂(SSCC)性能研究显得尤为重要.为此,测试、分析了国产X70管线钢及其焊缝的组织,进一步采用慢应变速率法(SSRT)研究了H2S对国产X70管线钢及其焊接接头SSCC的影响,国产X70管线钢及其焊接接头在含H2S腐蚀介质中应力腐蚀敏感性随H2S浓度的增加而增加,在H2S质量分数为50×10-400时,母材的脆性系数为19. 9500,焊缝的脆性系数高达59. 1900.若以2500视为安全值,则在H2S浓度为50×10-40时的母材就SSCC而言是安全的,而焊缝却是不安全的.     

一种双总线双控制器软件冗余系统的设计

设计了基于网络控制的可编程控制器冗余系统。在完成PC工作站、冗余控制器(ControlLogix控制器、SoftLogix控制器)、通信模块1203-CN1、变频器PowerFlex70、被控对象风动模型的安装和组态之后,采用NetLinx网络体系结构,架设了基于ControlNet的两个ControlLogix控制器之间以及ControlLogix控制器与SoftLogix控制器间的冗余控制系统。应用软件RSLogix5000为冗余系统中的控制器进行了I/O组态,编写了梯形图程序。并且应用软件RSView32制作了控制器冗余系统的监控画面。实验结果表明:双机软件冗余系统更加稳定,切换时间更小。     

基于PLC-200的大功率直流电动机调速系统的设计

以大功率直流电动机调速系统为研究对象,采用西门子PLC-200作为主要控制器件,西门子6RA70作为执行单元,罗升触摸屏作为上位机,同时采用增量式PID控制算法实现大功率直流电动机自动直流调速系统的设计.     

Atomic packing and short-to-medium range order evolution of Zr-Pd metallic glass

A larger-scale Zr₇₀Pd₃₀ alloy system has been simulated using molecular dynamics (MD) to investigate structure evolution in Zr₇₀Pd₃₀ metallic glass. The simulated pair distribution function of Zr₇₀Pd₃₀ metallic glass agrees well with the experimental results. Voronoi polyhedron analysis indicates that the icosahedra are not randomly distributed in space, but form characteristic intercrossed icosahedral clusters with medium-range order. Intercrossed icosahedral clusters are the dominant local configurations in Zr₇₀Pd₃₀ metallic glass and probably cause the quasicrystalline phase discovered in Zr₇₀Pd₃₀ metallic glass.     

Differential basal synthesis of Hsp70/Hsc70 contributes to interindividual variation in Hsp70/Hsc70 inducibility

The source of intraspecies variation in the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) remains unresolved but could shed light on differential stress tolerance and disease susceptibility. This study investigated the influence of variable basal HSP synthesis on differential inducibility of HSP synthesis. Basal and heat-induced synthesis of the major HSP families in peripheral blood monocytes from healthy donors (n=42) were analysed using biometabolic labelling and densitometry. Basal Hsp70/Hsc70 synthesis and percentage induction of Hsp70/Hsc70 synthesis were significantly correlated (r=−0.57, p<0.0001), and described most accurately by an exponential decay equation (R=0.68, R²=0.46). This regression equation suggests that increasing levels of basal Hsp70/Hsc70 synthesis are accompanied byan exponential decrease in the percentage induction of Hsp70/Hsc70 synthesis. The model fits data from European and non-European population groups independently, although both coefficients in the regression equation were larger for non-Europeans. This implies population group as an additional factor influencing differential HSP expression. The differential inducibility of Hsp70/Hsc70 due to variable basal synthesis of Hsp70/Hsc70 and based upon population group may contribute to differential stress tolerance or disease susceptibility. Received 27 March 2000; received after revision 19 June 2000; accepted 20 June 2000     

RH生产X70管线钢的不同工艺研究

从冶金效果、设备性能、工艺条件等方面对LF-RH与RH-LF二次精炼法进行了全面的研究,分析了两种工艺下RH真空处理的特点,对两种工艺下管线钢中有害元素及夹杂物的控制进行了讨论.LF-RH与RH-LF工艺下生产的X70管线钢铸坯中的T[O]平均为14×10-6和19×10-6,显微夹杂物个数分别为2.48个/mm2和2.62个/mm2,达到很高的洁净度水平.LF-RH工艺铸坯中氮平均为53×10-6,RH-LF工艺条件下铸坯氮含量为平均38×10-6,为以后生产更高质量的管线钢积累了经验.     

Short-range linkage relationships, genomic organisation and sequence comparisons of a cluster of five HSP70 genes in Fugu rubripes

Twelve cosmids containing sequences resembling genes encoding members of the 70-kDa heat-shock protein family, HSP70, have been isolated from Fugu rubripes. They can be broadly divided into three groups of overlapping cosmids. Restriction analysis and sequencing of one set of five cosmids have revealed five intronless Fugu HSP70 genes spanning 42 kb, arranged in a combined head-to-head, tail-to-tail and head-to-tail orientation. The levels of DNA and amino acid identity are very high with respect to one another, and are most similar to HSP70 sequences linked to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region in other species. Putative heat-shock consensus elements are identified. Non-HSP70 sequences with homology to known genes have been found physically linked to this Fugu HSP70 cluster: the Drosophila melanogaster SOL gene, the Drosophila melanogaster nemo gene, the Caenorhabditis elegans T17E9.1 gene and the sequence encoding the serine protease domain. The linkage relationships described here so far bear no resemblance to those of HSP70 in other organisms. Convergence of mammalian HSP70 and MHC class I and II loci probably occurred after fish had diverged. Received 17 November 1998; received after revision 25 February 1999; accepted 26 February 1999     

Cytosolic factors in mitochondrial protein import

In vitro import studies have confirmed the participation of cytosolic protein factors in the import of various precursor proteins into mitochondria. The requirement for extramitochondrial adenosine triphosphate for the import of a group of precursor proteins seems to be correlated with the chaperone activity of the cytosolic protein factors. One of the cytosolic protein factors is hsp70, which generally recognizes and binds unfolded proteins in the cytoplasm. Hsp70 keeps the newly synthesized mitochondrial precursor proteins in import-competent unfolded conformations. Another cytosolic protein factor that has been characterized is mitochondrial import stimulation factor (MSF), which seems to be specific to mitochondrial precursor proteins. MSF recognizes the mitochondrial precursor proteins, forms a complex with them and targets them to the receptors on the outer surface of mitochondria.