基因治疗：基因生物技术的重要里程碑

基因治疗是将人的正常基因或有治疗作用的基因通过一定方式导入人体靶细胞以纠正基因的缺陷或者发挥治疗作用，从而达到治疗疾病目的的生物医学技术。基因治疗是当代医学和生物学一个新的研究领域。它试图从基因水平调控细胞中的缺陷基因表达或以正常基因矫正、替代缺陷基因，达到治疗基因缺陷所致的遗传病、免疫缺陷或抑癌基因的失活所致的肿瘤等疾病，即与基因相关的疾病。 根据临床统计，25％的生理缺陷、30％的儿童疾病和60％的成年人疾病都是由遗传病引起的。而人类遗传病大约有5000种，大部分是单基因缺陷造成的道机体是一个复杂的动态性的平衡系统。每一个基因对机体的正常功能的影响都是复杂的，任何一个基因的变化都会导致多种症状的发生。由于这些疾病病因复杂而且发生在遗传物质水平，用传统的治疗方式很难达到根治目的，而且价格昂贵周期长。基于以上这些原因，人们一直致力于寻找新的、更好的、更彻底的遗传疾病治疗方法。随着分子生物学和分子遗传学等学科的飞速发展、人们对遗传病的分子机理的深入了解以及许多遗传疾病分子模型的建立，特别是人类基因组计划超乎预想的发展和后基因组计划、蛋白质组计划的提出，使人们自己的遗传背景和基因与疾病的关系有了更清楚的认识。这些都使人的基因治疗成为可能。 基因治疗是近十年来发展起来的新型医疗技术，有广阔的研究、应用和开发前景，但是，它还需要解决许多基础研究和技术方面的问题，才能具有真正的实用价值。总而言之，基因治疗随着分子生物学、分子遗传学和临床医学等学科的发展，它将日益走向成熟。     

基因治疗中目的基因的导入方法

基因治疗正从实验室研究走向临床应用，它给医学界引入了一种全新的概念，基因治疗主要是利用病毒介导的基因转移。文中介绍了目前已应用和将要应用于人类基因治疗的逆转录病毒载体、腺病毒载体、腺相关病毒载体、疱疹病毒载体等的构建方法，优缺点和适于治疗的疾病。扼要地介绍了目的基因导入的理化方法。     

带HSV—tk基因的重组腺病毒杀伤离体肺癌细胞的研究

带有单纯疱疹病毒脱氧苷激酶基因的泉病毒结合ｇａｎｃｉｃｌｏｖｉｒ（ＧＣＶ）对分很强的杀伤作用。在感染复数（Ｍ。Ｏ。ＩＭｕｌｔｉｐｌｉｃｉｔｙｏｆ Ｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｎ）达到１０００时对人体肺腺癌细胞Ａ５４９的杀伤几乎达到１００％。四种人体肺癌细胞株（Ａ５４９，ＬＡＸ，ＳＰＣ，ＳＫＹ）对带ＨＳＶ－ｔｋ的泉病毒（ＡＤＶ／ＲＳ－ｔｋ）的杀伤作用表现出不同的敏感性。但杀伤效果有很大差别；就Ａ５４９而言，ＧＣ     

人类遗传病基因治疗的现状与展望

自70年代中期以来,虽然人类在征服癌症等"不治之症"的战斗中付出了巨大努力,但却很少有成功的记载.然而现在,科学家们正从一不同的角度出发探索新的治疗途径,取得了令人瞩目的进展.70年代后期,遗传工程技术不断更新,尤其是限制酶位点多态性(RFLP)、寡聚核苷酸探针(ASO)以及聚合酶链式反应(PCR)等技术的相继问世,使得基因诊断技术突飞猛进.RFLPs只是因人而异的短短的DNA序列,可以测定出它在染色体中的特定位置;     

活菌作为抗肿瘤制剂和肿瘤基因治疗载体的研究

随着细菌生物学和分子生物学的发展，细菌抗癌治疗的应用更为广泛，其可增加化疗药物的敏感性，增强抗癌药物作用，并作为基因治疗的载体，细菌毒素本身就可以用来攻克肿瘤，而最有应用前景的是，经遗传修饰的细菌作为自杀基因载体选择性地破坏肿瘤细胞，保护正常组织不受损坏。文章就活菌作为抗肿瘤制剂和肿瘤基因治疗栽体的研究进展进行综述。     

Recent progress in polymer-based gene delivery vectors

The gene delivery system is one of the three components of a gene medicine, which is the bottle neck of current gene therapy. Nonviral vectors offer advantages over the viral system of safety, ease of manufacturing, etc. As important nonviral vectors, polymer gene delivery systems have gained increasing attention and have begun to show increasing promising. In this review, the fundamental and recent progress of polymer-based gene delivery vectors is reviewed.     

Inhibitory effect of the adenovirus type 5 E1A protein expressed in the yeast system of the human tumor cell growth

Adenovirus 5 type E1A as a tumor suppressor gene can inhibit tumor growth and enhance the censitivity of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.E1A have the ability to integrate into the host genome,resulting in long-time expres-sion that induces Rb gene inactivation and animal cells im-mortalization.This prompted us to select the E1A protein for treatment of cancer in order to overcome the limitations of E1A gene therapy.Thus,we firstly comstructed E1A eu-caryotic expression vector (pPIC9/E1A),transformated the pichia pastoris yeast cells(GS115) and screened the high-expressing recombinant strains.The positive yeast strains were cultured in the shake flask,and induced for 3d.The crude E1A protein was purified using two steps of col-umu chromatography on HiTrap Q and HiTrap SP.The pu-rified E1A protein was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot.E1A protein was mostly located at cellular unclear when Cheriot delivered E1A protein into cells.The analysis in vitro indicated that the E1A protein arrested LN686 cell cycle at G2/M phase,and significantly inhibited the growth of LN686 tumor cells.The current studies firstly provided an experimental basis to further develop E1A protein for tumor treatment.     

Expression of human clotting factor Ⅸ mediated by recom- binant lentiviral vector in cultured cells and hemophilia B mice

To explore the expression of human clotting factor Ⅸ (hFⅨ) cDNA in vitro and the feasibility of gene therapy for hemophilia B mice mediated by recombinant lentiviral vector, a recombinant hFⅨ lentiviral vector driven by ubiquitin-C promoter, FUXW, and by ABP liver specific promoter, FAXW, was constructed respectively. Recombinant lentivirus was harvested from 293T cells by calcium phosphate-mediated transient cotransfection of three plasmids (transgene vector, CMV腞8.2, VSV-G). hFⅨ expression was detected in supernatant of 293T, BHK and L-02 cells infected with FUXW virus, whereas higher expression of hFⅨ levels (630 ng/106 cells/48 h) was detected only in L-02 cells infected with FAXW virus. Serum hFⅨ antigen was detected in all hemophilia B mice treated with FAXW virus by tail vein injection, an efficiency level of hFⅨ was observed (45 ng/mL, approximately 1% of normal human levels), the expression lasted for more than 60 d. The results indicated that HIV-based lentiviral vectors offer a promising approach to the gene therapy of hemophilia B.     

转铁蛋白-转铁蛋白受体系统在药物运输和定向给药中的应用

近年来, 药物的定向运输和定点给药系统的研究已取得了可喜的进展. 转铁蛋白-转铁蛋白受体系统在抗癌药物和蛋白质的定向运输以及作为基因载体在扩散的恶性肿瘤细胞基因治疗中的应用研究已接近临床使用阶段. 药物经转铁蛋白-转铁蛋白受体介导通过血脑屏障进入脑内发挥药效的给药途径的研究也给脑疾病的治疗带来了巨大希望.