Storage of irradiated human blood; a source of error in quantitative chromosome analysis

Summary Human whole blood was irradiated with 2.5 Gy of 220 kVp X-rays and stored before culture with 9.7 M BrdU and 19.4 or 38.7 M BrdU for 0, 24, 48 and 72 h. The frequency of dicentrics and ring chromosomes was determined in cells staining as first division (M1) metaphases with the fluorescence plus Giemsa technique. Storage had no influence on the observed aberration yields in 44 h cultures containing 9.7 M BrdU. In 66 h cultures at 19.4 M BrdU the observed yields after 2 and 3 days' storage were significantly lower as compared to cultures from fresh blood. No storage effect was revealed in 66 h cultures containing 38.7 M BrdU. In cases where cytogenetic radiation dosimetry has to be carried out using blood samples which have been in transit for 2–3 days, the findings are of relevance for a correct determination of the chromosome damage in M1 cells.     

Loss of antibody production accompanied by chromosome loss in a cloned hybrid line secreting antibodies to sheep red blood cells

Summary Somatic cell hybrids between Sp2/O-Ag14 mouse myeloma cells and lymphocytes derived from BALB/c mice hyperimmunized with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were produced. One hybrid producing IgG₁ antibody to SRBC was selected, cloned twice and subsequently transferred to BALB/c mice. After a number of transfers it was found that the antibody titer in ascitec fluid gradually decreased. Cytogenetic analysis revealed gradual chromosome loss in the hybrid clone, which produced progressively less antibody.     

p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶在小鼠T细胞增殖中的作用

目的:了解p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)在ConA刺激下小鼠T细胞增殖中的作用。方法:以活体染料羧基荧光素乙酰乙酸琥珀酰亚胺酯染色,建立了在多克隆刺激剂刀豆蛋白A(ConA)刺激下评价小鼠T细胞增殖的模型,通过流式细胞术分析p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶的特异性抑制剂SB203580在不同剂量、不同时间对T细胞增殖的作用,并应用CellQuest和SPSS10.0 forW indows软件分析增殖细胞各代所占比例和增殖指数(PI)。结果:羧基荧光素乙酰乙酸琥珀酰亚胺酯染色分析显示,随着SB203580浓度从0.5μmol/L逐渐增至15.0μmol/L,T细胞增殖逐渐减弱,以15.0μmol/L SB203580的抑制作用最为明显,呈剂量依赖关系(r=-0.97,P<0.01);SB203580浓度增加至20.0μmol/L时,细胞大量死亡。选用SB203580最佳浓度(15.0μmol/L),随时间从24 h至72 h递增,SB203580对T细胞增殖的抑制作用逐渐增强,以72 h抑制作用最为明显,84~96 h后,抑制作用逐渐减弱。结论:p38 MAPK在ConA刺激的T细胞增殖中起着重要的作用。     

小鼠阑尾淋巴组织的发生

对不同日龄幼鼠阑尾淋巴组织的发生、T和B细胞在阑尾中出现的时间及分布的系统研究表明:小鼠阑尾淋巴组织是在出生后逐渐发育形成的.幼鼠出生当日,在其阑尾内固有膜增厚,在淋巴滤泡原基中已具有成熟的T淋巴细胞和较成熟的B淋巴细胞.出生后随着淋巴滤泡的发育及肠道内抗原的刺激,T和B淋巴细胞数目逐渐增多,最终分别定位分布于淋巴滤泡的滤泡间区与滤泡区内.     

老年人参加太极拳运动对自身免疫功能的影响

太极拳运动作为一项武术传统项目，是我国有着广泛的群众基础和很好的普及与发展，老年人锻炼太极拳可以起到调节心情、延年益寿的作用，本新乡医学院经常参加太极拳晨练的12名50岁以上老年人5周锻炼作为研究对象，同时，以12名未参加任何训练的同龄老年人作为对照组，研究免疫系统中T淋巴细胞亚型以及血清免疫球蛋白水平的变化，研究此项运动对老年人机体免疫系统的影响和其在延缓衰老中的作用，结果显示，太极拳运动可以有效的提高T、B淋巴细胞的功能，增进老年人机体免疫能力，并对老年人的心理健康起到积极的作用。     

On the mechanism of inhibition of p27 degradation by 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J 2 in lymphoblasts of Alzheimer’s disease patients

It has been proposed that neuroinflammation, among other factors, may trigger an aberrant neuronal cell cycle re-entry leading to neuronal death. Cell cycle disturbances are also detectable in peripheral cells from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. We previously reported that the anti-inflammatory 15- deoxy-Δ^12,14-prostaglandin J ₂ (15d-PGJ ₂) increased the cellular content of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27, in lymphoblasts from AD patients. This work aimed at elucidating the mechanisms of 15d-PGJ ₂-induced p27 accumulation. Phosphorylation, half-life, and the nucleo-cytoplasmic traffic of p27 protein were altered by 15d-PGJ2 by mechanisms dependent on PI3K/Akt activity. 15d-PGJ ₂ prevents the calmodulin-dependent Akt overactivation in AD lymphoblasts by blocking its binding to the 85-kDa regulatory subunit of PI3K. These effects of 15d-PGJ ₂ were not mimicked by 9,10-dihydro-15-deoxy-Δ^12,14- prostaglandin J ₂, suggesting that 15d-PGJ ₂ acts independently of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activation and that the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group in the cyclopentenone ring of 15d-PGJ ₂ is a requisite for the observed effects. Received 14 July 2008; received after revision 2 September 2008; accepted 12 September 2008     

Beta-adrenergic-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in normal and EBV-transformed lymphocytes

Summary Beta-adrenergic-associated cyclic AMP accumulation was studied in intact lymphocytes before and after transformation with Epstein-Barr virus into immortal cell lines. Although a marked reduction in isoproterenol-stimulated cyclic AMP synthesis was observed in transformed cells, forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation was preserved. A parallel loss of¹²⁵-iodocyanopindolol binding sites suggests that the reduction in beta-adrenergic-stimulated AMP synthesis is due to receptor down regulation.     

ERK activation by Ca2+ ionophores depends on Ca2+ entry in lymphocytes but not in platelets, and does not conduct membrane scrambling

Rapid Ca²⁺-dependent phospholipid (PL) reorganization (scrambling) at the plasma membrane is a mechanism common to hematopoietic cells exposing procoagulant phosphatidylserine (PS). The aim of this research was to determine whether activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway was required for PL scrambling, based on a single report analyzing both responses induced by Ca²⁺ ionophores in megakaryoblastic HEL cells. Ca²⁺ ionophore-stimulated ERK phosphorylation was induced in platelets without external Ca²⁺, whereas exogenous Ca²⁺ entry was crucial for ERK activation in Jurkat T cells. In both cells, membrane scrambling only occurred following Ca²⁺ entry and was not blocked by inhibiting ERK phosphorylation. Furthermore, ERK proteins are strongly phosphorylated in transformed B lymphoblastic cell lines, which do not expose PS in their resting state. Overall, the data demonstrated that ERK activation and membrane scrambling are independent mechanisms. A. Arachiche, I. Badirou: These authors contributed equally to this work. Received 18 June 2008; received after revision 24 September 2008; accepted 1 October 2008     

Effect of high doses of somatostatin on adenylate cyclase activity in peripheral mononuclear leukocytes from normal subjects and from acute leukemia patients

Summary In normal lymphocytes somatostatin non-competitively inhibited basal (ID₅₀ 5×10^–4 M) and isoproterenol- and forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity (Ac). In acute leukemia blasts, non-responsive to isoproterenol, forskolin, which activates the catalytic subunit, stimulated and somatostatin inhibited Ac, thus indicating the leukemic enzyme, though defective, retains the inhibitory pathway and catalyst function.     

Hormone and forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in human lymphocytes: reliability of longitudinal time measurements

Summary Reliability of measurement of lymphocyte cyclic AMP synthesis in intact cells was estimated by taking 3 successive blood samples during a one-month period from 11 healthy volunteers. Isoproterenol and prostaglandin E₁-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation were used to evaluate the activity of these two receptor activities in human lymphocytes. Forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation was used to evaluate the activity of the Ns/catalytic subunit. Only for forskolin was significant reliability observed. For isoproterenol and prostaglandin E₁ significant reliability was observed only for male subjects.Acknowledgment. This work was supported in part by the following organizations: Chief Scientist's Office, Israel Ministry of Health; Herman Goldman Foundation, New York; United Jewish Endowment Fund of Greater Washington-Pollinger Foundation.