氧化还原介体催化强化污染物厌氧降解研究进展

 由于厌氧生物处理技术具有产生剩余污泥少、可回收能源等优点而被广泛用于处理各种有机污染物，尤其在有毒、有害、难降解污染物的去除方面取得了良好的效果。然而，厌氧生物法的处理速率通常比较低，而氧化还原介体可通过自身不断的氧化和还原来传递电子，提高电子在氧化还原反应过程中的传递速率，从而促进污染物高效厌氧降解。醌类物质和腐殖酸是应用较多的氧化还原介体，在催化难降解污染物降解方面取得了一定效果。讨论了氧化还原介体的特点、作用机制，并总结了其对偶氮染料厌氧脱色、反硝化和多氯联苯厌氧降解的强化作用，提出了氧化还原介体未来的研究方向。     

基于变异系数的模糊物元模型评价阔叶十大功劳根不同提取部位的抗炎镇痛作用

为了筛选阔叶十大功劳根抗炎镇痛的有效部位，应用模糊物元模型对阔叶十大功劳根不同提取部位抗炎镇痛效果进行综合评价。采用醋酸扭体法、热水缩尾法及热板法，以小鼠足跖肿胀、耳廓肿胀程度考察阔叶十大功劳根不同提取部位的抗炎镇痛作用；用变异系数权重的模糊物元模型对其干预效果进行综合评价；通过计算贴近度比较模型组（M₁）、阳性对照组（M₂）、水提物组（M₃）、乙醇提取物组（M₄）、正丁醇提取物组（M₅）、乙酸乙酯提取物组（M₆）、石油醚提取物组（M₇）的抗炎镇痛效果。结果显示阔叶十大功劳根不同提取部位均有抗炎镇痛的效果，但各部位抗炎镇痛效果程度不同；反应不同部位抗炎镇痛总效应的贴近度值从大到小排序为M₆，M₄，M₃，M₅，M₂，M₇，M₁。基于变异系数权重的模糊物元模型可筛选出阔叶十大功劳根抗炎镇痛的最佳有效部位为乙酸乙酯提取部位，能够客观、科学地评价不同提取部位的抗炎镇痛效果。     

ASICs阻断剂对大鼠脑I/R损伤炎性反应的影响

探讨了酸敏感离子通道阻断剂阿米洛利对大鼠脑I/R损伤性炎性反应的影响。采用Zea Longa线栓法建立Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注(I/R)模型,于脑缺血2h再灌注24h时间点测定血清肿瘤坏死因子-α和血浆内皮素的含量。结果显示各组间比较差异有统计学意义:血清肿瘤坏死因子-α:F=9.937,P=0.000;血浆内皮素:F=49.487,P=0.000;阿米洛剂Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组的血清肿瘤坏死因子-α和血浆内皮素较相应I/R模型组低(P<0.05)。这表明,阿米洛利可能通过阻断酸敏感离子通道减轻Ca2超载,降低肿瘤坏死因子-α和血浆内皮素的含量而抑制炎性反应,发挥神经保护作用。     

Polyisoprenyl phosphates: natural antiinflammatory lipid signals

Lipoxins (LX) and aspirin-triggered 15-epimer LX are leukocyte-derived eicosanoids generated during host defense that serve as down-regulatory signals. The specific intracellular events that govern cellular responses to inhibitory extracellular signals are of wide interest in order to understand pivotal intracellular events in diseases characterized by enhanced inflammatory responses, such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis. We recently uncovered a novel role for polyisoprenyl phosphates, in particular presqualene diphosphate (PSDP), as natural down-regulatory signals in human neutrophils that directly inhibit phospholipase D and superoxide anion generation. Activation of LXA₄ receptors (ALXR) reverses proinflammatory receptor-initiated decrements in PSDP and inhibits cellular responses. These findings represent evidence for a novel paradigm for lipid-protein interactions in the control of cellular responses, namely receptor-initiated degradation of repressor lipids that is subject to regulation by aspirin treatment via the actions of aspirin-triggered 15-epimer LX at the ALXR, and identify new templates for antiinflammatory drugs by design.     

赭石薤白降气汤治疗术后早期炎性肠梗阻临床观察

目的：观察赭石薤白降气汤治疗术后早期炎性肠梗阻的疗效。方法：将50例患者随机分为两组。治疗组给予赭石薤白降气汤。对照组给予加味大承气汤。结果：治疗组平均治愈天数为5d，对照组平均治愈天数为8d，两组比较有显著性差异。结论：赭石薤白降气汤治疗术后早期炎性肠梗阻有显著的治疗效果。     

The protease-activated receptor-3 (PAR-3) can signal autonomously to induce interleukin-8 release

Protease-activated receptors (PARs) play a clear role in the burst of inflammatory reactions and immune responses. However, for PAR-3, the most elusive member of the PAR family, the functional role is still largely unclear. It has been claimed that PAR-3 does not signal autonomously, although the wide expression of human PAR-3 indicates its important physiological roles. We demonstrate that in HEK-293 cells, stably transfected with human PAR-3, thrombin induced calcium signaling, IL-8 gene expression and IL-8 release. We confirmed this finding using human lung epithelial and human astrocytoma cells that express endogenous PAR-3. Moreover, thrombin exposure of HEK-293 cells resulted in ERK1/2 activation coinciding with IL-8 release. The effects of thrombin were not dependent on PAR-1 activation, as confirmed by PAR-1 gene silencing. Thus, we propose that PAR-3 is able to signal autonomously to induce IL-8 release mediated by ERK1/2 phosphorylation, which contributes actively to inflammatory responses. Received 9 December 2007; received after revision 16 January 2008; accepted 18 January 2008     

The trefoil factor family – small peptides with multiple functionalities

The trefoil factor family (TFF) comprises a group of small peptides which are highly expressed in tissues containing mucus-producing cells – especially in the mucosa lining the gastrointestinal tract. The peptides seem crucial for epithelial restitution and may work via other pathways than the conventional factors involved in restitution. In vitro studies have shown that the TFFs promote restitution using multiple mechanisms. The peptides also have other functionalities including interactions with the immune system. Moreover, therapeutic effects of the TFFs have been shown in several animal models of gastrointestinal damage. Still it is not clear which of their in vitro properties are involved in the in vivo mode of action. This review describes the TFF family with emphasis on their biological properties and involvement in mucosal protection and repair. Received 10 October 2008; received after revision 07 November 2008; accepted 10 November 2008     

单纯及丙泊酚联合电休克对抑郁大鼠海马TNF—α表达的影响

目的探讨单纯电休克及丙泊酚联合电休克对抑郁大鼠电休克治疗效果及海马内TNF-α表达的影响。方法50只成年Wistar大鼠随机分为5组（n=10）：正常对照组（C组）、抑郁组（D组）、单纯丙泊酚组（DP组）、单纯电休克组（E组）、丙泊酚联合电休克组（M组）。C组正常饲养，其余采用经典的慢性不可预见性应激法建立抑郁模型。建模成功后，E组直接行电休克治疗，M组腹腔注射丙泊酚90mg／kg，麻醉产生效应后行电休克治疗，每日进行以上处理1次，连续7日。以Open—field法和糖水消耗实验进行行为学评分。实验完成后处死大鼠，用免疫组化染色法检测TNF—α受体蛋白的表达；ELISA法海马TNF-α的含量，RT-PCR法测海马TNF—α mRNA表达。结果E组和M组大鼠的行为学评分高于D组和DP组，且M组高于E组（P〈0．05）；D组和DP组海马内TNF-α含量以及mRNA的表达高于其它各组（P〈0．05），M组海马内TNF—α含量以及mRNA的表达低于E组（P〈0．05），与C组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；D组和DP组海马区TNF-α受体表达量低于C组（P〈0．05），M组的表达量接近于C组，但高于E组（P〈0．05）。结论慢性应激使大鼠海马内TNF—α含量升高及其受体表达下调，从而产生抑郁症。丙泊酚可以改善电休克抑郁症状可能与进一步下调抑郁大鼠海马内TNF—α的含量和上调其受体表达有关。     

粗毛纤孔菌的化学成分及抗炎活性

采用大孔树脂分离、 LH20凝胶层析及高效液相色谱法, 从粗毛纤孔菌成熟黄色子实体中分离得到3个多酚类化合物, 用核磁共振、 质谱结合其理化性质鉴定化合物的结构, 并考察所得化合物的抗炎活性和细胞毒性. 结果表明： 所得化合物分别为phellibaumin A（化合物1）, phelligridin D（化合物2）和3′,4′-二羟基-5-［［11-羟苯基］-6,7-乙烯基］ 3,5-二氧杂 芴-5-酮（化合物3）, 其中化合物3为新化合物; 3个化合物对脂多糖诱导RAW264.7细胞产生的NO均具有抑制作用, 且呈剂量关系; 各化合物对RAW264.7细胞增殖抑制率均呈剂量依赖趋势, 当抗炎有效剂量为50 μmol/L时, 抑制率均远低于50%.     

黏附因子-1、IL-18在大鼠左心缺血再灌注诱导的急性肺损伤中的作用

目的:探讨白介素-18、黏附因子-1在左心缺血再灌注肺损伤中的作用及对呼吸功能的影响.方法:60只SD大鼠随机均分为实验组和对照组,实验组复制左心缺血再灌注肺损伤模型并与BL-420生物信号采集分析系统相联,对照组不做左冠状动脉的前降支结扎其余操作同实验组.比较缺血30min、再灌注30min、再灌注60min3个时间点两组大鼠肺组织白介素-18、黏附因子-1表达情况、外周血和支气管肺泡灌洗液中白介素-18水平、动脉血氧分压及呼吸曲线进行比较.结果:各时间点实验组大鼠肺组织白介素-18、黏附因子-1表达高于对照组;外周血和支气管肺泡灌洗液中白介素-18水平高于对照组;PaO2低于对照组;呼吸曲线的幅度、强度、持续时间均低于对照组,上述差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:白介素-18激活黏附因子-1释放增多,吸引白细胞在肺循环发生黏附聚集释放反应,引起炎性细胞因子的进一步释放,导致肺炎症反应失衡,引起急性炎症损伤,致呼吸功能下降.