利用中国春小麦Ph突变体为太谷核不育小麦籽粒附加蓝色标记性状的研究

本文研究的目的是对太谷核不育小麦籽粒进行颜色标记,以便进一步利用太谷核不育小麦。以蓝粒小麦4D-4E二体异代换系作为标记性状供体,利用中国春小麦Ph突变体诱导部分同源染色体联会,增加同祖染色体间的交换,使4D染色体上的Tal基因与4E染色体上的蓝胚乳基因连锁,在本实验杂交组合[(Taltal×phph)×蓝粒小麦]×phph~2F_3中得到一个蓝粒高不育穗行,经分析与继代观察,初步认为这一穗行为4E带有蓝胚乳基因的染色体片段转移到4D染色体上使蓝胚乳基因与Tal基因发生不完全连锁。同时对Ph突变体诱导部分同源染色体联会的作用等问题进行了探讨。     

两种环缘蝽的染色体研究(半翅目:姬缘蝽科)

本文研究了中国姬缘蝽科开环缘蝽Stictopleurus punctatonervosus minutus Blote和闭环缘S．viridictatus(Uhler)的核型及其染色体的减数分裂行为．结果表明：两个种的染色体数目均为2n(♂)=13，具有一对m染色体和XO性别决定机制，但是在染色体行为方面却表现出了各自的特异性．     

Taxonomy and genetic variation in the Australian lizards of the genus Pseudemoia (Scincidae: Lygosominae)

This study reviews the taxonomy of the southern Australian scincid lizards previously referred to Leiolopisma entrecasteauxii (Duméril and Bibron, 1839) and L. baudini Greer, 1982; here placed along with L. spenceri and the recently described L. rawlinsoni in the genus Pseudemoia. Electrophoretic, karyotypic and morphological data show that populations assigned to P. entrecasteauxii belong to three species. The name Pseudemoia entrecasteauxii is restricted here to a morphologically variable species which occurs in woodlands, forests and heathlands from the Blue Mountains, NSW, through the southeastern mainland, Bass Strait islands and Tasmania, to the islands of Spencer Gulf, SA. Populations designated as L. entrecasteauxii Form B by recent authors are mostly referrable to P. entrecasteauxii (s.s.). Pseudemoia pagenstecheri (Lindholm, 1901) is resurrected to apply to strongly striped populations disjunctly distributed in open grassland habitats from Tasmania, south-central Victoria, the southeast Australian highlands, Blue Mountains and New England Tableland. This species largely encompasses those populations referred to by several workers as L. entrecasteauxii Form A. A neotype for Lygosoma (Liolepisma) pagenstecheri is designated. A new species, P. cryodroma, is restricted to alpine and subalpine habitats on the high plains of Victoria. Pseudemoia cryodroma may have had a hybrid origin from P. entrecasteauxii and P. pagenstecheri. Pseudemoia baudini, hitherto known only from the unique holotype, is redescribed. This species extends eastward along the coast of the Great Australian Bight as far as the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia. A key to the species of Pseudemoia is provided.     

由三倍体西瓜下胚轴诱导植株再生的研究

将三倍体西瓜(Citrullus Vul(?)aris Schrad。)下胚轴切段接种在添加0.02mg/L2,4-D和0.6mg/L6BA的MS培养基上,可诱导出生长旺盛、结构致密的愈伤组织.将愈伤组织转移到含不同浓度的6BA、IAA、IBA和三十烷醇的分化培养基上,分化出了芽和根,进而长成了正常的植株.将不定芽接种在含0.2～0.4mg/L6BA和6mg/L维生素P_1的MS培养基上.可得到许多簇生芽和植物体.用蛭石代替琼脂的生根培养基对于根系的生长和试管苗的移植有良好的效果.经细胞学观察表明,由三倍体西瓜下胚轴诱导出再生植株的染色体倍性有所变化,即有一倍体(n=11)、二倍体(2n=22),三倍体(3n=33)和非整倍体等.     

Supernumerary chromosomes inDrosophila nasuta albomicana

Summary Supernumerary chromosomes have been detected in the karyotype ofD.n. albomicana. Their number varies from one to three. They are the smallest elements in the karyotype. Karyotypes ofD.n. albomicana with and without supernumerary chromosomes have been presented.     

果蝇内含子和编码序列的信息参数D_2沿染色体分布

本文以果蝇染色体的内含子和编码序列作为研究对象,用信息参数D2分析两类序列沿着染色体的分布规律,并用多项式拟合分析染色体各类序列沿染色体的统计分布特征,分析D2参数的平均值在不同的染色体臂的分布特征.     

A method for chromosome preparations from large fish specimens using in vitro short-term treatment with colchicine

This paper describes a new technique for preparing mitotic fish chromosomes using short-term in vitro treatment with colchicine. The results show that a large number of good quality metaphases (many suitable for chromosome banding) can be obtained by this technique, which requires an average of 1 h and 30 min for all steps. The procedure considerably reduces the time normally required for chromosome preparations in fish.This work was supported by grants FUNCUNESP, FAPESP and CNPq.The authors are grateful to Mr Renato Devidé for technical assistance.     

红豆杉离体培养染色体数变异与细胞多核现象

分别对在固体培养基上静止培养和在摇瓶、１０Ｌ及１００Ｌ生物反应器内悬浮培养的红豆杉茎尖和根尖离体细胞进行染色体数目观察,发现其染色体数目主要类型和亲本株相同,为２ｎ＝２４,且存在较大比例的染色体数目变异的细胞．还发现,离体培养红豆杉细胞有丝分裂间期存在多核现象．认为染色体数目的变异可能是红豆杉离体培养细胞紫杉醇产量不稳定的主要原因．     

新近发现的恶性肿瘤的染色体异常

作者报告一组新近发现的恶性肿瘤的染色体异常,均属少见的染色体变异.系采用淋巴结或骨髓直接法制备染色体标本.恶性淋巴瘤核型为14q~+t(2;14);慢性粒细胞白血病核型为pht(2;22).讨论了癌基因与染色体易位的关系.     

Response of murine spermatocytes to the metaphase-arresting effect of several mitotic arrestants

Summary Three mitotic arrestants, colchicine, Colcemid and vinblastine, were evaluated for their effects on producing meiotic arrest in the laboratory mouse. Colchicine is the most effective and its effect is both dose- and time-dependent. Treatment of mice with 40 mg/kg of colchicine for 3 h resulted in drastic improvement of the yield and quality of M-II figures. This treatment did not appear to increase the aneuploidy frequency in M-II's.Supported in part by research grant R-808582 from the US Environmental Protection Agency and research grant RR5511-21 from the National Institute of Health.