Pause or No Pause?——Prosodic Phrase Boundaries Revisited

This study presents evidence from analyses of the acoustic parameters of fluent continuous speech to show that within-paragraph prosodic phrase boundaries are related more to contrasts of neighborhood prosodic states rather than between-phrase pause durations; prosodic states receive more constraints from higher level discourse information.By revising a modular acoustic model by Tseng's hier-archical prosodic phrase grouping framework and examining the much varied prosodic phrase (PPh) boundary B3 within speech paragraph,we show that statistical accounts of layered contributions reveal dis-tinct contrasts between boundary immediate duration and intensity patterns irrespective of pause duration.Contrasts of F0 contour patterns were also observed in these locations.Evidence was also obtained to illus-trate how PPh boundary states are specified more by higher level discourse information than by lower level prosodic word construction.These combined results suggest that contrastive neighboring prosodic states are more significant cues to PPh boundaries than boundary pause duration.The results also help explain why in fluent speech between-phrase pause durations vary greatly,and can be applied to automatic speech segmentation.     

电脉冲处理对快凝AlFeVSiNd纳米合金薄带微结构稳定性影响

采用透射电镜和X射线研究了快凝AlFeVSiNd纳米晶合金薄带在超短电脉冲过程中,其内部微结构变化,并与等温退火处理结果相比较·结果表明:超短电脉冲处理试样的相转变温度降低了100℃,并且相转变后的第二相颗粒尺寸减小很多·这与非晶合金经超短电脉冲处理后晶化温度降低及晶粒细化的现象相一致·     

低周疲劳对快凝Al-Fe-V-Si-Nd纳米合金微结构影响

采用透射电子显微镜和正电子湮灭技术研究了低周疲劳过程中快凝AlFeVSiNd合金微结构的变化,发现:经高载荷循环后晶内固溶元素析出产生偏聚体,且随循环次数的增加,偏聚体长大;当循环次数达到1500次后,随循环次数的继续增加,大于临界尺寸的偏聚体长大而小于临界尺寸的偏聚体重新溶解·     

Expression of hepatitis B surface antigen gene (HBsAg) in Laminaria japonica (Laminariales, Phaeophyta)

A transformation model for Laminaria japonica was established from 1993 to 1998, on the basis of which the transgenic kelp with heterologous gene encoding hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was obtained by using the micro- particle bombardment transformation method. Results of quantitative ELISA showed that HBsAg in transgenic kelp was 0.529 μg/mg soluble proteins on average and the highest value was 2.497 μg/mg, implying that recombinant HBsAg had natural epitope. Further support for the integration of HBsAg gene into kelp genome was obtained by PCR- Southern and total DNA hybridization. Prospect of kelp bioreactor producing high value materials such as edible HBV vaccine was discussed as well.