Single-cell discrimination based on optical tweezers Raman spectroscopy

The ability to discriminate between single cells in a label-free and noninvasive fashion is important for the classification of cells, and for the identification of similar cells from different origins. In this paper, we present the Raman spectroscopy-based identifi- cation of different types of single cells in aqueous media, and discrimination between the same types of cells from different donors using a novel Laser Tweezers Raman Spectroscopy (LTRS) technique, which combines laser trapping and micro-Raman spectroscopy. First, we measured the spectra of individual living human erythrocytes, i.e. red blood cells, and leucocytes (U937 cancer cells). High-quality Raman spectra with low fluorescence were obtained using a home-LTRS apparatus and 20 cells were measured for each cell type. The smoothing, baseline subtraction, and normalization of the data were followed by a principal components analysis (PCA). The PCA loading plots showed that the two different types of cells could be completely separated based only on the first component (PC1) (i.e. the peaks at 1300 cm1 ); the discrimination accuracy could therefore reach 100%. More than 50 spectra were taken for each erythrocyte obtained from the four healthy volunteers. The average discrimination accuracy was 84.5% for two random individuals taken from the four volunteers, according to the first and second PCs. This work demonstrates that LTRS is a powerful tool for the accurate identification and discrimination of single cells, and it has the potential to be applied for the highly sensitive identification of cells in clinical diagnosis and medical jurisprudence.     

SHRIMP zircon U-Pb ages and tectonic implications for Indosinian granitoids of southern Zhuguangshan granitic composite,South China

The large southern Zhuguangshan granitic batholith composite consists of granites with ages varying from the Caledonian through Indosinian to Yanshanian. Based on K-Ar dating data, the ages of the major parts of this composite were previously regarded as Yanshanian. In this study, the SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating method has been adopted for six plutons, Ledong, Longhuashan, Dawozi, Zhaidi, Baiyun and Jiangnan, in the southern Zhuguangshan composite, in which the four plutons other than Baiyun and Jiangnan were previously regarded as Yanshanian granites. Magmatic zircons from these six plutons, dated by this study, have yielded ages of 239±5 Ma (MSWD = 2.5), 239±5 Ma (MSWD = 2.5), 239±2 Ma (MSWD = 1.7), 239±4 Ma (MSWD = 3.2), 231±2 Ma (MSWD = 0.81) and 231±3 Ma (MSWD = 1.8), respectively. The results indicate that these plutons were formed by early Indosinian magmatism. Geochemical characteristics suggest that these granites were formed in an extensional tectonic environment. Therefore, the Indosinian period granites in the southern Zhuguangshan composite were formed by partial melting of the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic crustal components during the collapse of thickened lithosphere after the collision between the South China and Indosinian plates.     

上海光源真空内波荡器性能的优化

介绍了上海光源一期工程两台真空内波荡器的磁铁设计、磁场测量和性能优化的方法和结果. 通过调整波荡器各磁极的高度来减小各磁极附近半周期磁场积分的差异, 优化电子运动轨迹和辐射相位分布, 使各个周期的辐射相位误差达到最小, 从而增加各个周期内产生的辐射的相干性以获得高亮度的高次谐波辐射. 光束线实验也测到了11 次谐波辐射, 并且从测到的辐射光谱推算得到的两台波荡器的均方根相位误差分别在4°和3°以内.     

云烟-12型4层与常规3层密集烤房的性能对比

对云南省昆明、玉溪、曲靖、红河、楚雄、大理、昭通、保山、文山、丽江、普洱和临沧12个主产烟区的云烟-12型4层密集烤房与常规3层密集烤房的烤烟效果进行了对比研究.结果表明:云烟-12型4层密集烤房烤能为1.20~1.67 hm2/房,较常规3层密集烤房平均提高了24.47%;烘烤过程中2种烤房的平面和垂直干球和湿球温度差无明显差异;2种烤房的烤烟质量相当,但云烟-12型4层密集烤房的烤烟均价略高于常规3层密集烤房的烤烟;云烟-12型4层密集烤房的烘烤能耗较常规3层烤房明显降低.     

多层电路板的深层充电研究

以欧空局的FLUMIC2模型为输入电子能谱,基于Monte Carlo方法和辐射诱导电导率模型进行多层电路板充电分析,可模拟地球同步轨道上有2 mm铝层屏蔽时的多层FR4印刷电路板的深层充电过程,得到电场和电势随介质深度的变化.研究发现与双面接地电路板相比较,电路板四层铺铜接地内部最大充电电场减少54%,有效地减小介质内部电场,降低深层放电风险.充电时间常数和电介质的物理特性有关而与电路板分层情况无关.分析各接地层的电流,两层电路板为90~150 p A m?2,四层电路板为10~100 p A m?2.     

声振动对秀丽隐杆线虫转向行为的影响

秀丽隐杆线虫是一种典型的模式生物,且其神经系统对光、电、热梯度以及化学药物等有反应.本文报道了声振动对线虫转向行为影响的研究.建立了一套实时的声波作用线虫的电脑成像系统,实现拍摄并统计分析指定区域内多条线虫的行为;基于粒子追踪与形状分析算法,量化线虫行为;利用OFV-5000模块化激光测振系统测量培养基在声波作用下的振动;通过改变声波的位移振幅及频率等参数探讨声振动对线虫转向行为的影响.定义声感系数来衡量线虫转向行为受声振动影响的大小.实验结果表明:秀丽隐杆线虫可以感受到声振动,并且对声振动具有一定的适应性;相对于野生型线虫N2,机械力感觉神经元存在缺陷的突变体线虫mec-4,mec-7对声振动的响应减弱,表明机械力感觉神经元参与了对声波的感应;对于同一频率的声波,位移振幅的增加刺激了线虫的转向行为;但在固定位移振幅下,随着频率的升高,线虫的转向行为呈现先增强后减弱的趋势.本文的工作为进一步探究声波对线虫神经系统的作用并用于治疗神经系统疾病奠定了理论及实验基础.     

Sm-Nd isotopic compositions of Cambrian-Ordovician strata at the Jinggangshan area in Jiangxi Province: Tectonic implications

Whole-rock Sm-Nd isotopes were investigated for Cambrian-Ordovician strata from the Jinggangshan area between the Yangtze Block and Cathysia Block in South China. These strata were deposited as a greatly thick unit of muddy-sandy laminas with intercalated carbonate and organic carbon-bearing layers. They have low εNd（t） values of -13.9 to -7.9 and old Nd model ages of 1842 to 2375 Ma. In tDM-tStr diagram, they are far away from the concordant line but fall within the evolution zone of the Proterozoic crust of South China. This indicates that the Cambrian-Ordovician strata are mainly composed of matters eroded from ancient Paleoproterozoic crust that may mainly consist of continental-derived detrital sediments with high maturity in the Cathysia Block. However, the Ordovician Jueshangou Formation and Dui＇ershi Formation have εNd（t） values of -10.5 and -7.9 at the higher end of the above range and Nd model ages of 1842 to 2059 Ma at the lower end of the above range. This suggests involvement of more detritus that were eroded from the relatively juvenile crust from Late Paleoproterozoic to the Early Neoproterozoic. All the Nd model ages for the Cambrian-Ordovician sedimentary rocks in the Cathysia Block and the southeastern margin of the Yangtze Block are older than 1800 Ma, suggesting that no material from the Early Paleozoic depleted mantle-derived magmas was involved in these regions.     

异常的第24太阳活动周——新千年的第一个完整的太阳活动周

介绍自2007年下半年到现在的非常低的太阳活动状况:无黑子活动天数为16太阳活动周以来最多,不排除24周的无黑子天数是现代黑子周内最多的可能;高纬度(35°)黑子的纬度为12周最低;从2003年11月～2008年9月,较高纬度(20°)每月没有黑子或只有1个黑子,共计持续了58个月,也为12周以来第一次观测到;太阳风速度、太阳风压、10cm电磁波辐射、太阳极区磁场、太阳总光度辐射等参量都为有观测资料以来的最低.对于这种极低太阳活动的现象,介绍了从当前的日震观测给予的解释、也从Gleissberg周期的长尺度、超长太阳活动周期尺度给予了解释.依据目前的观测,我们确定24黑子活动周于2008年11月开始.综合多种经典太阳活动预报方法给出的对24周太阳活动水平的预报,以及美国国家航空航天局和美国国家海洋大气局对24周的未来发展趋势的预报,认为24周太阳活动水平估计比23周将要弱30%左右.异常的24太阳活动周为太阳物理和日地关系物理研究带来机遇.     

U-Pb zircon dating constraints on formation time of Qilian high-grade metamorphic rock and its tectonic implications

In order to constrain the formation time of high-grade metamorphic rocks in the Qilian Mountains, U-Pb zircon dating was carried out by using LA-ICPMS technique for a paragneiss of the Hualong Group in the Qilian Mountains basement series and a weakly foliated granite that intruds into the Hualong Group. Zircons from the paragneiss consist dominantly of detrital magma zircons with round or sub-round shape. They have 207Pb/206Pb ages mostly ranging from 880 to 900 Ma, with a weighted mean age of 891 ±9 Ma, which is interpreted as the magma crystallization age of its igneous provenance and can be taken as a lower age limit for the Hualong Group. Magma crystallization age for the weak-foliated granite is 875±8 Ma, which can be taken as an upper age limit for the Hualong Group. Accordingly, the formation time of the Hualong Group is constrained at sometime between 875 and 891 Ma. A few zir- cons from both paragneiss and weak-foliated granite display old inherited ages of 1000 to 1700 Ma and young metamorphic ages of Early Paleozoic. The zircon age distribution pattern confirms that the Qilian Mountains and the northern margin of Qaidam Basin had a united basement, with geotectonic affinity to the Yangtze Block. The results also reveal that sediments of the Hualong Group formed by rapid accumulation due to rapid crustal uplift-erosion. This process may result from intensive Neoproterozoic orogenesis due to assembly of the suppercontinent Rodinia.     

Timing of hydrothermal activity associated with the Douzhashan uranium-bearing granite and its significance for uranium mineralization in northeastern Guangxi, China

The Miaoershan uranium(U)ore field in northeastern Guangxi is one of the important granite-related U deposits in south China and is closely related to the Douzhashan U-bearing granite.The Douzhashan granite contains primary U-rich accessory minerals,including monazite(UO2=0.98-1.75 wt%)and xenotime(UO2=1.48-6.14 wt%).Primary monazite and xenotime yield chemical ages of 231±28 Ma and 230±38 Ma by electron microprobe analysis and U-Pb isotopic ages of 220±6 Ma and 211±7 Ma by laser ablation-inductively coupled-mass spectrometry respectively.These ages demonstrate that the Douzhashan granite formed during the period of Indosinian magmatic activity.Back scattered electron imaging shows that monazite and xenotime are commonly altered to assemblages of low-U synchisite and apatite,which was associated with loss of U to hydrothermal fluids.U-Th-Pb analyses of secondary apatite yielded a chemical age of 136±17 Ma,which corresponds to the timing of Cretaceous-Tertiary crustal extension in south China.We suggest that the heat and CO2required for mineralization was the result of Yanshanian crustal extension,and that this triggered the breakdown of U-rich accessory minerals in the Douzhashan U-bearing granite.Uranium remobilization from the Douzhashan granite provided materials for mineralization within the granite and/or surrounding country rocks.Therefore,a combination of Indosinian compression and Yanshanian extensional overprint produced the hydrothermal U deposits associated with the Douzhashan granite.