等时降线问题的求解

考虑了给定下降时间函数的下降曲线的求解问题.将质点沿光滑曲线从一定高度下滑所需时间的问题转化为积分方程求解的问题，并对积分方程进行阿贝尔积分变换，再利用积分换序方法给出了求解公式，最后证明了等时降线问题的解是一条倒摆线.     

Triple Medium Physical Model of Post Fracturing High-Rank Coal Reservoir in Southern Qinshui Basin

In this paper, influences on the reservoir permeability, the reservoir architecture and the fluid flow pattern caused by hydraulic fracturing are analyzed. Based on the structure and production fluid f...     

串并联个数和温度对光伏电池结电容的影响研究

研究光伏电池的动态参数对设计光伏发电系统相应后级控制器至关重要.从分析光伏电池物理机理出发,推导出光伏电池单体/模组/阵列的结电容与偏置电压之间的较精确表达式;在提取模型中等效串联电阻和饱和电流的值的基础上,使用LambertW函数推导出偏置电压与输出电压之间的显式表达式;采用工程数学模型结合本征载流子浓度表达式推导了结电容与温度的较精确关系式;分别在不同串并联个数和温度下对结电容的影响做了仿真分析.仿真结果与部分文献的实验结果相吻合,验证了理论的正确性.     

永磁同步电机速度伺服系统的分数阶内模控制

针对永磁同步电机(Permanent magnet synchronous motor,PMSM)速度伺服系统,提出了一种分数阶(Fractional order,FO)内模控制器设计方法。建立了PMSM速度伺服系统的简化数学模型,根据内模控制(Internal model control,IMC)原理,引入分数阶滤波器替代整数阶滤波器,推导出了一种分数阶内模控制器,该控制器仅包含两个可调参数,有效克服了分数阶PIλDμ控制器待整定参数较多的缺陷,并基于系统时域性能指标选择主导极点,给出了控制器参数的解析整定方法,避免了参数选择的盲目性。仿真结果表明,所提方法不仅可以使PMSM速度伺服系统具有较好的设定值跟踪和扰动抑制特性,而且对于系统参数摄动具有更好的鲁棒性。     

BRD7 regulates the insulin-signaling pathway by increasing phosphorylation of GSK3β

Reduced hepatic expression levels of bromodomain-containing protein 7 (BRD7) have been suggested to play a role in the development of glucose intolerance in obesity. However, the molecular mechanism by which BRD7 regulates glucose metabolism has remained unclear. Here, we show that BRD7 increases phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) in response to activation of the insulin receptor-signaling pathway shortly after insulin stimulation and the nutrient-sensing pathway after feeding. BRD7 mediates phosphorylation of GSK3β at the Serine 9 residue and this effect on GSK3β occurs even in the absence of AKT activity. Using both in vitro and in vivo models, we further demonstrate that BRD7 mediates phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K) and leads to increased phosphorylation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) and, therefore, relieves its inhibition of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E). However, the increase in phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 with BRD7 overexpression is blunted in the absence of AKT activity. In addition, using liver-specific BRD7 knockout (LBKO) mice, we show that BRD7 is required for mTORC1 activity on its downstream molecules. These findings show a novel basis for understanding the molecular dynamics of glucose metabolism and suggest the unique function of BRD7 in the regulation of glucose homeostasis.     

Development of liquid-nitrogen-cooling friction stir spot welding for AZ31 magnesium alloy joints

A liquid-nitrogen-cooling friction stir spot welding (C-FSSW) technology was developed for welding AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets. The liquid-nitrogen cooling degraded the deformability of the welded materials such that the width of interfacial cracks increased with increasing cooling time. The grain size of the stirred zone (SZ) and the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the C-FSSW-welded joints decreased, whereas that of the thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ) increased with increasing cooling time. The maximum tensile shear load of the C-FSSW-welded joints welded with a cooling time of 5 or 7 s was larger than that of the friction stir spot welding (FSSW)-welded joint, and the tensile shear load decreased with increasing cooling time. The microhardness of the C-FSSW-welded joints was greater than that of the FSSW-welded joint. Moreover, the microhardness of the SZ and the HAZ of the C-FSSW-welded joints increased, whereas that of the TMAZ decreased, with increasing cooling time.     

Faithful after break-up: suppression of chromosomal translocations

Chromosome integrity in response to chemically or radiation-induced chromosome breaks and the perturbation of ongoing replication forks relies on multiple DNA repair mechanisms. However, repair of these lesions may lead to unwanted chromosome rearrangement if not properly executed or regulated. As these types of chromosomal alterations threaten the cell’s and the organism’s very own survival, multiple systems are developed to avoid or at least limit break-induced chromosomal rearrangements. In this review, we highlight cellular strategies for repressing DNA break-induced chromosomal translocations in multiple model systems including yeast, mouse, and human. These pathways select proper homologous templates or broken DNA ends for the faithful repair of DNA breaks to avoid undesirable chromosomal translocations.     

The Absolute and Its Measurement: William Thomson on Temperature

In this paper we give a full account of the work of William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) on absolute temperature, which to this day provides the theoretical underpinnings for the most rigorous measurements of temperature. When Thomson fashioned his concepts of ‘absolute’ temperature, his main concern was to make the definition of temperature independent of the properties of particular thermometric substances (rather than to count temperature from an absolute zero). He tried out a succession of definitions based on the thermodynamics of ideal heat engines; most notably, in 1854 he gave the ratio of two temperatures as the ratio of quantities of heat taken in and given out at those temperatures in a Carnot cycle. But there were difficulties with using such definitions for experimental work, since it was not possible even to approximate an ideal Carnot engine in reality. More generally, it is not trivial to connect an abstract concept with concrete operations in order to make physical measurements possible. In the end, Thomson argued that an ideal gas thermometer would indicate his absolute temperature, and that the deviation of actual gas thermometers from the ideal could be estimated by means of the Joule‐Thomson effect. However, the measurement of the Joule‐Thomson effect itself required measurements of temperature, so there was a problem of circularity.     

Role of Ppt1 in multiple stress responses in Candida albicans

To study the function of CaPptl, we deleted PPT1 gene from the Candida albicans genome by sequentially replacing the entire coding region with the selectable markers ARG4 and HIS1. The results showed that the deletion of Pptl did not affect the hyphal formation of C. albicans under serum induction and caused enhanced sensitivity to DNA damage, Calcofluor white and salt- induced stress. We also found that Pptl was not required for the phenotypic response of cells treated with the genotoxins, methylmethane sulfonate and hydroxyurea. Flow cytometric analyses indicated that pptlA cells and wild-type cells showed similar G2/M arrest profiles when exposed to DNA damage stress. Pptl was not required for the activation of the DNA damage response pathway, as indicated by normal phosphorylation of Rad53 and Rfa2 in pptlA cells under DNA damage stress. We suggest that Pptl plays important roles in response to various stress conditions in C. albicans.