墨西哥湾北陆坡区冷泉碳酸盐岩脂肪酸及碳同位素特征

对墨西哥湾北部水深约540m的上陆坡GC185区(GC-F样品)和水深约2200m的下陆坡AC645区(AC-E样品)冷泉碳酸盐岩中的脂肪酸及其单体化合物的δ13C进行了分析.在AC-E和GC-F冷泉碳酸盐岩样品中检测到了30多种脂肪酸化合物,均以主峰碳为C16的低碳数(C20)脂肪酸为主,具偶碳优势,主要包括正构脂肪酸、异构(i-)/反异构(ai-)脂肪酸以及带支链的(iso/anteiso)奇碳数脂肪酸.其中n-C12:0,n-C13:0,i-C14:0和n-C14:0具有明显偏低的δ13C值(-39.99‰~-32.36‰),可能来源于冷泉生物.n-C18:2和C18:1△9具有相同的碳同位素值,可能来源于冷泉渗漏区贝氏硫细菌属/辫硫菌属.支链奇碳数脂肪酸(iso/anteiso-C13~C17)具有特别负的δ13C值(-63.95‰~-44.17‰),明显不同于其他类别脂肪酸的碳同位素值,推断这类化合物是海底渗漏区甲烷厌氧氧化过程中的硫酸盐还原细菌生命活动的产物.     

Leukocyte migration toward the alveoli]

Migratory processes of leukocytes toward alveolus have been studied after intratracheal injection of aluminium or beryllium hydroxide. Migrating cells could only be observed during the first three days following the injection. Three migrating processes were pointed out and especially an emperipolesis phenomenon. This morphological observation and cytokinetic study of septal cells, exclude the existence of a precursor septal pool involved in a maturation process of alveolar macrophages.     

A combinatorial approach of developing alloy thin films using co-sputtering technique for displays

In this study we have used a combinatorial approach for producing binary and ternary alloy thin film libraries using a lab-scale RF co-sputtering system.Initially we used two elemental sputtering targets,i.e.aluminum(Al) target and neodymium(Nd) target,to produce a film library of varying composition and successfully identified a suitable composition range(1.95-2.38 at%Nd) in which resistance to hillock formation and resistivity of the film spots were found to be satisfactory in annealed state(350°C,30 min) .In another case,in order to form ternary alloy composition library we have used two sputtering targets,i.e.an Al-0.5 at%Nd alloy target and an elemental Ni target.Though,co-sputtered Al-0.6 at% Nd-0.9 at%Ni alloy films showed satisfactory resistance to hillock formation and low resistivity after annealing,film deposited from a ternary alloy target with the same composition failed to show satisfactory resistance to hillock formation during annealing.In case of Al-0.6 at%Nd-0.9 at%Ni alloy target,250 nm thick film showed poor resistance to hillock formation than the 500 nm thick film.This clearly showed thickness-dependent hillock performance of Al-0.6 at%Nd-0.9 at%Ni alloy.In this study it was found that,in addition to the process variables,metallurgical microstructure of the alloy sputtering targets had significant effect on the film properties which was not obvious from the results of films deposited using co-sputtering of the individual elemental targets.     

Increases in frequency of sister chromatid exchange following tumor grafts in different immunocompetent hosts]

Measurement of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) frequency of inbred Rat or nu/nu Mice bone marrow cells, following tumour grafts, have been developed. Increase of SCEs was observed in hosts which present or not metases and with reduced survival rates after malignant tumour grafts. These results suggest a remote control of tumoral tissue by a diffused matter effect.     

Renewal of pulmonary insoluble collagen in the adult rat]

Study of polymeric pulmonary collagen in adult Rats showed that about 70% of collagen was renewed with a half-time equal to 525 days. This value is to be compared with the median life-span of this rat strain, 890 days. The remaining 30% of polymeric collagen is renewed with a shorter half time, about 30 days.     

Reach and grasp by people with tetraplegia using a neurally controlled robotic arm

Paralysis following spinal cord injury, brainstem stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other disorders can disconnect the brain from the body, eliminating the ability to perform volitional movements. A neural interface system could restore mobility and independence for people with paralysis by translating neuronal activity directly into control signals for assistive devices. We have previously shown that people with long-standing tetraplegia can use a neural interface system to move and click a computer cursor and to control physical devices. Able-bodied monkeys have used a neural interface system to control a robotic arm, but it is unknown whether people with profound upper extremity paralysis or limb loss could use cortical neuronal ensemble signals to direct useful arm actions. Here we demonstrate the ability of two people with long-standing tetraplegia to use neural interface system-based control of a robotic arm to perform three-dimensional reach and grasp movements. Participants controlled the arm and hand over a broad space without explicit training, using signals decoded from a small, local population of motor cortex (MI) neurons recorded from a 96-channel microelectrode array. One of the study participants, implanted with the sensor 5?years earlier, also used a robotic arm to drink coffee from a bottle. Although robotic reach and grasp actions were not as fast or accurate as those of an able-bodied person, our results demonstrate the feasibility for people with tetraplegia, years after injury to the central nervous system, to recreate useful multidimensional control of complex devices directly from a small sample of neural signals.