肌肉自发振动过程中结合几率与化学反应速率的变化

定量分析肌球蛋白与肌动蛋白丝的结合几率及相关化学反应的速率常数,对于准确掌握肌肉收缩的内在机制具有非常重要的意义.以肌肉自发振动的实验结果为依据,从振动过程所满足的动力学方程出发,推导出结合几率与肌丝滑行速度及肌节长度之间的定量关系,并求得化学反应速率随肌肉收缩的速度变化而改变的数学规律.结果显示,结合几率的基准值由溶液中主要化学成分的浓度决定;结合几率的变化值与肌肉收缩的速度成正比,与肌节长度成反比;而化学反应速率随收缩速度按指数规律变化.上述结果与实验值基本一致.     

超声导波波包宽度与管材内径-壁厚比的关系

在自由管材的情况下,在各传播距离、各频厚积和各激发脉冲周数上,分析了内径-壁厚比和管材中较低阶纵向导波模式波包宽度的关系.分析结果表明:当内径-壁厚比较小时,内径-壁厚比的变化对各导波模式的波包宽度有较大影响,但随内径-壁厚比的增加,这种影响将减小;内径-壁厚比对导波波包宽度的影响随导波模式阶次的增加而减小.另一方面,对于不同内径-壁厚比的管材,检测中应当用不同的导波模式,所用的激发脉冲周数和频厚积也应当不同.     

摩托车曲柄花键冷挤刀具的设计

北方易初为了提高摩托车曲柄花键的生产率 ,从日本进口了冷挤机床及其冷挤刀具 ,该刀具价格昂贵 ,约为一万美元。该厂在近一年的国内调研中 ,还未找到能生产该刀具的厂家。本文就针对北方易初的摩托车曲柄花键 ,应用弹、塑性理论 ,有限元方法等来研究冷挤过程中的材料流动情况 ,塑性变形及弹性恢复 ,由此来确定刀具的齿数及每齿的形状尺寸等相关参数 ,设计并画出冷挤刀具的零件图。为能自行制造该类刀具提供有益的参考。     

Sm(Ⅲ)(BCB)3与DNA的相互作用机理

以中性红(NR)作探针,利用光谱法研究钐(Ⅲ)与灿烂甲酚蓝(BCB)形成的配合物Sm(Ⅲ)(BCB)3与鲱鱼精脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)的相互作用.研究结果表明Sm(Ⅲ)(BCB)3与鲱鱼精DNA结合比n(Sm(Ⅲ)(BCB)3)n(DNA)=41,其结合常数为2.30×105L/mol.Sm(Ⅲ)(BCB)3与鲱鱼精DNA之间的作用方式主要为沟槽作用方式,△rH☉m和△rS☉m都有利于Sm(Ⅲ)(BCB)3-DNA超分子复合物的形成,但主要影响因素是△rS☉m.     

管材超声检测中导波模式及频厚积的选择

用轴向功率流分布来选择检测自由管状结构的最佳导波模式及其最佳频厚积 ,并将混合边界元法应用于管状结构 ,对其结果的有效性进行了验证 .结果表明 :对于自由管材 ,用超声纵向L(0 ,1)模式检测时 ,频厚积在 0 .15MHz·mm以下时较为灵敏 ;用L(0 ,2 )模式检测时 ,在 1.4～ 1.8MHz·mm之间对检测管壁中央的缺陷较灵敏 ;用L(0 ,3)模式检测时 ,在 2 .0MHz·mm以下对管内外表面上的缺陷都较灵敏 .轴向功率流分布能有效地选择检测的最佳导波模式及其频厚积 .     

A genome-wide comparison of recent chimpanzee and human segmental duplications

We present a global comparison of differences in content of segmental duplication between human and chimpanzee, and determine that 33% of human duplications (> 94% sequence identity) are not duplicated in chimpanzee, including some human disease-causing duplications. Combining experimental and computational approaches, we estimate a genomic duplication rate of 4-5 megabases per million years since divergence. These changes have resulted in gene expression differences between the species. In terms of numbers of base pairs affected, we determine that de novo duplication has contributed most significantly to differences between the species, followed by deletion of ancestral duplications. Post-speciation gene conversion accounts for less than 10% of recent segmental duplication. Chimpanzee-specific hyperexpansion (> 100 copies) of particular segments of DNA have resulted in marked quantitative differences and alterations in the genome landscape between chimpanzee and human. Almost all of the most extreme differences relate to changes in chromosome structure, including the emergence of African great ape subterminal heterochromatin. Nevertheless, base per base, large segmental duplication events have had a greater impact (2.7%) in altering the genomic landscape of these two species than single-base-pair substitution (1.2%).     

Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4

Human chromosome 2 is unique to the human lineage in being the product of a head-to-head fusion of two intermediate-sized ancestral chromosomes. Chromosome 4 has received attention primarily related to the search for the Huntington's disease gene, but also for genes associated with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, polycystic kidney disease and a form of muscular dystrophy. Here we present approximately 237 million base pairs of sequence for chromosome 2, and 186 million base pairs for chromosome 4, representing more than 99.6% of their euchromatic sequences. Our initial analyses have identified 1,346 protein-coding genes and 1,239 pseudogenes on chromosome 2, and 796 protein-coding genes and 778 pseudogenes on chromosome 4. Extensive analyses confirm the underlying construction of the sequence, and expand our understanding of the structure and evolution of mammalian chromosomes, including gene deserts, segmental duplications and highly variant regions.