排序方式: 共有7条查询结果,搜索用时 156 毫秒
1
1.
2.
A proteomic view of the Plasmodium falciparum life cycle 总被引:43,自引:0,他引:43
Florens L Washburn MP Raine JD Anthony RM Grainger M Haynes JD Moch JK Muster N Sacci JB Tabb DL Witney AA Wolters D Wu Y Gardner MJ Holder AA Sinden RE Yates JR Carucci DJ 《Nature》2002,419(6906):520-526
The completion of the Plasmodium falciparum clone 3D7 genome provides a basis on which to conduct comparative proteomics studies of this human pathogen. Here, we applied a high-throughput proteomics approach to identify new potential drug and vaccine targets and to better understand the biology of this complex protozoan parasite. We characterized four stages of the parasite life cycle (sporozoites, merozoites, trophozoites and gametocytes) by multidimensional protein identification technology. Functional profiling of over 2,400 proteins agreed with the physiology of each stage. Unexpectedly, the antigenically variant proteins of var and rif genes, defined as molecules on the surface of infected erythrocytes, were also largely expressed in sporozoites. The detection of chromosomal clusters encoding co-expressed proteins suggested a potential mechanism for controlling gene expression. 相似文献
3.
4.
Ghoreschi K Laurence A Yang XP Tato CM McGeachy MJ Konkel JE Ramos HL Wei L Davidson TS Bouladoux N Grainger JR Chen Q Kanno Y Watford WT Sun HW Eberl G Shevach EM Belkaid Y Cua DJ Chen W O'Shea JJ 《Nature》2010,467(7318):967-971
CD4(+) T-helper cells that selectively produce interleukin (IL)-17 (T(H)17), are critical for host defence and autoimmunity. Although crucial for T(H)17 cells in vivo, IL-23 has been thought to be incapable of driving initial differentiation. Rather, IL-6 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 have been proposed to be the factors responsible for initiating specification. Here we show that T(H)17 differentiation can occur in the absence of TGF-β signalling. Neither IL-6 nor IL-23 alone efficiently generated T(H)17 cells; however, these cytokines in combination with IL-1β effectively induced IL-17 production in naive precursors, independently of TGF-β. Epigenetic modification of the Il17a, Il17f and Rorc promoters proceeded without TGF-β1, allowing the generation of cells that co-expressed RORγt (encoded by Rorc) and T-bet. T-bet(+)RORγt(+) T(H)17 cells are generated in vivo during experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, and adoptively transferred T(H)17 cells generated with IL-23 without TGF-β1 were pathogenic in this disease model. These data indicate an alternative mode for T(H)17 differentiation. Consistent with genetic data linking IL23R with autoimmunity, our findings re-emphasize the importance of IL-23 and therefore may have therapeutic implications. 相似文献
5.
6.
Extinction risk from climate change 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
Thomas CD Cameron A Green RE Bakkenes M Beaumont LJ Collingham YC Erasmus BF De Siqueira MF Grainger A Hannah L Hughes L Huntley B Van Jaarsveld AS Midgley GF Miles L Ortega-Huerta MA Peterson AT Phillips OL Williams SE 《Nature》2004,427(6970):145-148
Climate change over the past approximately 30 years has produced numerous shifts in the distributions and abundances of species and has been implicated in one species-level extinction. Using projections of species' distributions for future climate scenarios, we assess extinction risks for sample regions that cover some 20% of the Earth's terrestrial surface. Exploring three approaches in which the estimated probability of extinction shows a power-law relationship with geographical range size, we predict, on the basis of mid-range climate-warming scenarios for 2050, that 15-37% of species in our sample of regions and taxa will be 'committed to extinction'. When the average of the three methods and two dispersal scenarios is taken, minimal climate-warming scenarios produce lower projections of species committed to extinction ( approximately 18%) than mid-range ( approximately 24%) and maximum-change ( approximately 35%) scenarios. These estimates show the importance of rapid implementation of technologies to decrease greenhouse gas emissions and strategies for carbon sequestration. 相似文献
7.
1