从图式理论看提高英语阅读能力的有效途径

教学实践说明,学好一门外语,有效的阅读是绝对必要的.然而笔者从期末教学测试的结果中发现,大多数学生的阅读理解题失分过多.……     

论名词动用

名词作动词用是现代英语一个日益普遍而又生动有趣的语言现象。它能使语言简约，表现力增强，使抽象的概念变得生动形象。本文将就名词动用的历史、现状、分类、语法功能及其修辞效果进行探讨。     

英语非谓语动词句法功能的异同

正确理解和使用非谓语动词是困难的,然而又是很重要的,尤其是当各种不同形式的非谓语动词具有同一句法功能时,它们的异同更难掌握。本文从非谓语动词的性质和特征入手,探讨了非谓语动词句法功能的异同。     

Selection of peptides with semiconductor binding specificity for directed nanocrystal assembly

In biological systems, organic molecules exert a remarkable level of control over the nucleation and mineral phase of inorganic materials such as calcium carbonate and silica, and over the assembly of crystallites and other nanoscale building blocks into complex structures required for biological function. This ability to direct the assembly of nanoscale components into controlled and sophisticated structures has motivated intense efforts to develop assembly methods that mimic or exploit the recognition capabilities and interactions found in biological systems. Of particular value would be methods that could be applied to materials with interesting electronic or optical properties, but natural evolution has not selected for interactions between biomolecules and such materials. However, peptides with limited selectivity for binding to metal surfaces and metal oxide surfaces have been successfully selected. Here we extend this approach and show that combinatorial phage-display libraries can be used to evolve peptides that bind to a range of semiconductor surfaces with high specificity, depending on the crystallographic orientation and composition of the structurally similar materials we have used. As electronic devices contain structurally related materials in close proximity, such peptides may find use for the controlled placement and assembly of a variety of practically important materials, thus broadening the scope for 'bottom-up' fabrication approaches.     

英语动物词的运用及其语言学分析

探讨了英语动物词在天文学、动物学、植物学、医学、军事科学、技术科学、人名学、传统成语、明喻、引喻、成对词、谚语和格言以及在诗歌、儿歌、寓言、标题中的运用,并进行了初步的语言学分析。     

Mechanisms of drug inhibition of signalling molecules

The emergence of tumour-specific, molecularly targeted agents signifies a paradigm shift in cancer therapy, with less reliance on drugs that non-discriminately kill tumour and host cells. Although the diversity of targets giving rise to this new generation of anticancer drugs has expanded, many challenges persist in the design of effective treatment regimens. The complex interplay of signal-transduction pathways further complicates the customization of cancer treatments to target single mechanisms. However, despite uncertainty over precise or dominant mechanisms of action, especially for compounds targeting multiple gene products, emerging agents are producing significant therapeutic advances against a broad range of human cancers.     

Persistent 24-h variations of urinary 6-hydroxy melatonin sulphate and cortisol in Antarctica

Bright light (2000-3000 lux) of sufficient intensity to suppress human melatonin secretion, acts as a strong zeitgeber in the entrainment of circadian rhythms in man. In polar conditions, light of this intensity is not experienced for several weeks during the winter. The entrainment of human circadian rhythms, in particular that of melatonin, is clearly of interest in these circumstances. Urinary 6-hydroxy melatonin sulphate (aMT6s) is a good index of melatonin secretion in man. In a limited study of seven male volunteers living on an Antarctic base the overall 24-h rhythm of aMT6s excretion was maintained at four different times of year (spring, summer, autumn and winter) and no significant seasonal effects were noted. Cortisol excretion, appeared to be markedly affected by the season although other factors such as social and environmental stress cannot be discounted. These observations suggest that in the absence of a strong light-dark cycle melatonin production may be entrained by other factors.     

Persistent 24-h variations of urinary 6-hydroxy melatonin sulphate and cortisol in Antarctica

Summary Bright light (2000–3000 lux) of sufficient intensity to suppress human melatonin secretion, acts as a strong zeitgeber in the entrainment of circadian rhythms in man. In polar conditions, light of this intensity is not experienced for several weeks during the winter. The entrainment of human circadian rhythms, in particular that of melatonin, is clearly of interest in these circumstances. Urinary 6-hydroxy melatonin sulphate (aMT6s) is a good index of melatonin secretion in man. In a limited study of seven male volunteers living on an Antarctic base the overall 24-h rhythm of aMT6s excretion was maintained at four different times of year (spring, summer, autumn and winter) and no significant seasonal effects were noted. Cortisol excretion, appeared to be markedly affected by the season although other factors such as social and environmental stress cannot be discounted. These observations suggest that in the absence of a strong light-dark cycle melatonin production may be entrained by other factors.     

Allergic contact dermatitis: epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, in vitro methods and regulatory aspects

Contact allergies are complex diseases, and one of the important challenges for public health and immunology. The German 'Federal Institute for Risk Assessment' hosted an 'International Workshop on Contact Dermatitis'. The scope of the workshop was to discuss new discoveries and developments in the field of contact dermatitis. This included the epidemiology and molecular biology of contact allergy, as well as the development of new in vitro methods. Furthermore, it considered regulatory aspects aiming to reduce exposure to contact sensitisers. An estimated 15-20% of the general population suffers from contact allergy. Workplace exposure, age, sex, use of consumer products and genetic predispositions were identified as the most important risk factors. Research highlights included: advances in understanding of immune responses to contact sensitisers, the importance of autoxidation or enzyme-mediated oxidation for the activation of chemicals, the mechanisms through which hapten-protein conjugates are formed and the development of novel in vitro strategies for the identification of skin-sensitising chemicals. Dendritic cell cultures and structure-activity relationships are being developed to identify potential contact allergens. However, the local lymph node assay (LLNA) presently remains the validated method of choice for hazard identification and characterisation. At the workshop the use of the LLNA for regulatory purposes and for quantitative risk assessment was also discussed.     

美国心态与美国言辞

分析了美国心态的四大特征:过份敏感、恐惧、假正经和虚荣以及在美国语言中由此产生的众多言辞;指出该四种心态虽不实事求是,但在美国人的现实生活中具有积极意义。它们证实了美国心态中非常重要的心理因素——乐观进取的精神。分析了美国人获得这种精神的历史和社会背景。这些典型美国言辞除了外延意义外,还获得到了反映美国人的情绪,伦理道德,价值取向,文明程度或人际关系等丰富内涵。