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Otávio Bueno Steven French James Ladyman 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics》2012,43(2):95-104
We offer a framework to represent the roles of empirical and theoretical factors in theory construction, and examine a case study to illustrate how the framework can be used to illuminate central features of scientific reasoning. The case study provides an extension of French and Ladyman's (1997) analysis of Fritz and Heinz London's model of superconductivity to accommodate the role of the analogy between superconductivity and diamagnetic phenomena in the development of the model between 1935 and 1937. We focus on this case since it allows us to separate the roles of empirical and theoretical factors, and so provides an example of the utility of the approach that we have adopted. We conclude the paper by drawing on the particular framework here developed to address a range of concerns. 相似文献
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L Bueno R Garcia-Villar Y Ruckebusch 《Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des sciences. Série D, Sciences naturelles》1977,285(16):1463-1466
Identification of two distinct rhythms of the colonic slow waves at a mean frequency of 5 and 18 cycles/min. Evidence is provided for an origin of the faster rhythm from the mascularis mucosae. 相似文献
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Over the last two decades structural realism has been given progressively more elaborated formulations. Steven French has been at the forefront of the development of the most conceptually sophisticated and historically sensitive version of the view. In his book, The Structure of the World (French (2014)), French shows how structural realism, the view according to which structure is all there is (ontic structural realism), is able to illuminate central issues in the philosophy of science: underdetermination, scientific representation, dispositions, natural modality, and laws of nature. The discussion consistently sheds novel light on the problems under consideration while developing insightful and provocative views. In this paper, I focus on the status of mathematics within French's ontic structural realism, and I raise some concerns about its proper understanding vis-à-vis the realist components of the view. 相似文献
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低碳锰钢中周期性带状组织 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
用扫描电镜和电子探针研究了低碳锰钢中的周期性带状组织,结果表明,在全部研究用钢中,钢锭经热轧后均出现这种组织,其严重程度随钢的成分而异,并随坯带加工顺序而增加,带状组织与锰的显微偏析等因素有关,适当的调整碳锰以及形成模跨铁素体带的转变产物可降低带状组织的严重程度。 相似文献
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Simpson AJ Reinach FC Arruda P Abreu FA Acencio M Alvarenga R Alves LM Araya JE Baia GS Baptista CS Barros MH Bonaccorsi ED Bordin S Bové JM Briones MR Bueno MR Camargo AA Camargo LE Carraro DM Carrer H Colauto NB Colombo C Costa FF Costa MC Costa-Neto CM Coutinho LL Cristofani M Dias-Neto E Docena C El-Dorry H Facincani AP Ferreira AJ Ferreira VC Ferro JA Fraga JS França SC Franco MC Frohme M Furlan LR Garnier M Goldman GH Goldman MH Gomes SL Gruber A Ho PL Hoheisel JD Junqueira ML Kemper EL 《Nature》2000,406(6792):151-159
Xylella fastidiosa is a fastidious, xylem-limited bacterium that causes a range of economically important plant diseases. Here we report the complete genome sequence of X. fastidiosa clone 9a5c, which causes citrus variegated chlorosis--a serious disease of orange trees. The genome comprises a 52.7% GC-rich 2,679,305-base-pair (bp) circular chromosome and two plasmids of 51,158 bp and 1,285 bp. We can assign putative functions to 47% of the 2,904 predicted coding regions. Efficient metabolic functions are predicted, with sugars as the principal energy and carbon source, supporting existence in the nutrient-poor xylem sap. The mechanisms associated with pathogenicity and virulence involve toxins, antibiotics and ion sequestration systems, as well as bacterium-bacterium and bacterium-host interactions mediated by a range of proteins. Orthologues of some of these proteins have only been identified in animal and human pathogens; their presence in X. fastidiosa indicates that the molecular basis for bacterial pathogenicity is both conserved and independent of host. At least 83 genes are bacteriophage-derived and include virulence-associated genes from other bacteria, providing direct evidence of phage-mediated horizontal gene transfer. 相似文献
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Otávio Bueno Steven French James Ladyman 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics》2012,43(1):43-46
In a recent paper, Suárez and Cartwright (2008) return to the example of London and London's construction of a model for superconductivity and raise a number of concerns against the account of this construction presented in French and Ladyman (1997) and elsewhere. In this discussion note, we examine the challenge they raised and offer our responses. 相似文献
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Otávio Bueno 《Studies in history and philosophy of science》1997,28(4):585-610
Based on da Costa's and French's notions of partial structures and pragmatic truth, this paper examines two possible characterizations of the concept of empirical adequacy, one depending on the notion of partial isomorphism, the other on the hierarchy of partial models of phenomena, and both compatible with an empiricist view. These formulations can then be employed to illuminate certain aspects of scientific practice.An empirical theory must single out a specific part of the world, establish reference to that part, and say—by way of contingent, substantial claim about the world—that its models fit that. Now, how exactly can this be done? Bas C. van Fraassen (1993, p. 9) 相似文献
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J Trujillo Bueno E Landi Degl'Innocenti M Collados L Merenda R Manso Sainz 《Nature》2002,415(6870):403-406
Magnetic fields play a key role in most astrophysical systems, from the Sun to active galactic nuclei. They can be studied through their effects on atomic energy levels, which produce polarized spectral lines. In particular, anisotropic radiation 'pumping' processes (which send electrons to higher atomic levels) induce population imbalances that are modified by weak magnetic fields. Here we report peculiarly polarized light in the He I 10,830-A multiplet observed in a coronal filament located at the centre of the solar disk. We show that the polarized light arises from selective absorption from the ground level of the triplet system of helium, and that it implies the presence of magnetic fields of the order of a few gauss that are highly inclined with respect to the solar radius vector. This disproves the common belief that population imbalances in long-lived atomic levels are insignificant in the presence of inclined fields of the order of a few gauss, and opens up a new diagnostic window for the investigation of solar magnetic fields. 相似文献
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