Finding finer functions for partially characterized proteins by protein-protein interaction networks

Based on high-throughput data, numerous algorithms have been designed to find functions of novel proteins. However, the effectiveness of such algorithms is currently limited by some fundamental factors, including (1) the low a-priori probability of novel proteins participating in a detailed function; (2) the huge false data present in high-throughput datasets; (3) the incomplete data coverage of functional classes; (4) the abundant but heterogeneous negative samples for training the algorithms; and (5) the lack of detailed functional knowledge for training algorithms. Here, for partially characterized proteins, we suggest an approach to finding their finer functions based on protein interaction sub-networks or gene expression patterns, defined in function-specific subspaces. The proposed approach can lessen the above-mentioned problems by properly defining the prediction range and functionally filtering the noisy data, and thus can efficiently find proteins’ novel functions. For thousands of yeast and human proteins partially characterized, it is able to reliably find their finer functions (e.g., the translational functions) with more than 90% precision. The predicted finer functions are highly valuable both for guiding the follow-up wet-lab validation and for providing the necessary data for training algorithms to learn other proteins.     

Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium for 1-Butanol-Water-KF and 1-Butanol-Water-K2CO3 Systems

KF or K2CO3 was added into the 1-butanol-water system and two phases were formed： water-rich phase （water phase） and 1-butanol-rich phase （1-butanol phase）. The liquid liquid equilibrium （LLE） data for 1-butanol-water-KF and 1-butanol-water-K2CO3 systems were measured at 25℃ and showed that 1-butanol phase contained negligible salt and water phase contained negligible 1-butanol when the concentrations of KF and K2CO3 in the water phase were equal to or higher than 27.11% and 31.68% , respectively. Thus water could be separated efficiently from 1-butanol-water by adding KF or K2CO3 into the system. A theoretical calculation of LLE data was calculated by using the Pitzer theory to get water activity in the water phase, and by the models, such as the Wilson, NRTL or the UNIQUAC for the 1-butanol phase. For 1-hutanol-water-KF system, the experimental data were found in good agreement with the calculated results by using Pitzer theory and Wilson equa tion, while for 1-butanol-water-K2CO3 system, the experimental data were found in good agreement with the calculated results by using Pitzer theory and UNIQUAC eauation.     

空地导弹落点精度评估系统

为满足导弹设计与试验中高精度的落点精度评估要求,以落点精度评估系统为研究对象,从系统的总体设计思路出发,设计并开发了系统的数据库、数据处理子系统以及评估子系统,同时,详细给出了各模块的具体计算步骤及计算模型。最后通过软件的实例计算测试了系统的稳定性和维护性。该系统的设计开发可为装备定型、部队作战使用、研制单位验证设计思想和检验生产工艺提供技术支撑。     

Intelligent Integrated Control of Underactuated Mechanical Systems with Second-order Nonholonomic Constraints

This paper describes an intelligent integrated control of an acrobot, which is an underactuated mechanical system with second-order nonholonomic constraints. The control combines a model-free fuzzy control, a fuzzy sliding-mode control and a modelbased fuzzy control. The model-free fuzzy controller designed for the upswing ensures that the energy of the acrobot increases with each swing. Then the fuzzy sliding-mode controller is employed to control the movement that the acrobot enters the balance area from the swing-up area. The model-based fuzzy controller, which is based on a Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model, is used to balance the acrobot. The stability of the fuzzy control system for balance control is guaranteed by a common symmetric positive matrix, which satisfies linear matrix inequalities.     

自密实高性能混凝土受弯构件受力性能试验研究

为了研究自密实高性能混凝土受弯构件的受力性能,制作了8根自密实混凝土梁和4根相对应的普通混凝土梁.对自密实高性能混凝土受弯构件的开裂荷载、抗弯承载力、抗剪承载力、构件延性和破坏形态等进行了试验研究,并与普通混凝土构件进行了对比.研究结果为自密实混凝土结构的有关规程制订和设计提供参考.     

Inducing dopaminergic differentiation of expanded rat mesencephalic neural stem cells by ascorbic acid in vitro

Ascorbic acid (AA) induced differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) into dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons is reported.NSCs derived from rat mesencephalon were maintained and expanded in a defined medium containing mitogens of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF).Compared with the control, ascorbic acid treatment led to more DAergic neuronal differentiation as indicated by the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT), which are specific markers of dopamine neurons.AA induction also enhanced expression of Nurr1 and Shh.PD98059, an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway, could block AA-induced Nurr1, TH and DAT mRNA expression.The results might suggest a new strategy to provide enough dopaminergic cells for the therapy of Parkinson's disease (PD), and Nurr1 and ERK signaling pathway might participate in the AA-induced DAergic differentiation.     

自由基聚合制备聚合物纳米片层材料

设计、合成了含有苯胺二聚体的苯乙烯甲基丁酸酯(VPB),通过自组装-自由基聚合的方法,成功地制备了聚合物纳米片层材料.VPB和聚合物的结构通过核磁谱和红外光谱进行了分析确认,VPB和聚合物的自组装行为通过电子显微镜、X射线进行了研究.实验结果表明,VPB在甲苯和丙酮的混合溶剂中可以自组装成为二维纳米片层,并能与马来酰亚胺进行自由基共聚反应,形成尺寸数微米、厚度2纳米的聚合物片层材料.本研究的结果证明,将自组装与自由基聚合结合是一种制备聚合物二维纳米片层材料的有效方法.     

显示器表面抗指纹防污涂料发展现状与趋势分析

随着电子产品应用领域的不断扩大,对显示器表面的抗指纹要求也进一步提高,从而推动了抗指纹防污涂料研究。本文主要介绍了显示器表面抗指纹防污涂料的分类及特点,并对其在国内外的专利申请量、国内外的主要申请人以及该技术领域的技术发展脉络进行了简要分析。     

Teeming stream protection using an argon shroud during casting of steel ingots

Two kinds of argon shroud protection devices with two different basic structures were designed and investigated. Industrial experiments and numerical simulations were used to examine the protection effect, and the mechanism of air entrapment during the casting of steel ingots was analyzed. The influence of the structure of the argon shroud protection device on the protection effect was investigated. An argon shroud protection device mounted to the nozzle holder on the bottom of the ladle does not provide a good protection effect because air can easily flow into the teeming system and cause reoxidation of molten steel during teeming. By contrast, an argon shroud protection device seated on the top of the central trumpet provides an excellent protection effect, where air has little chance of flowing into the teeming system during casting. The feasibilities of the argon shroud protection devices are discussed.     

Recognition of DNA damage by the Rad4 nucleotide excision repair protein

Mutations in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway can cause the xeroderma pigmentosum skin cancer predisposition syndrome. NER lesions are limited to one DNA strand, but otherwise they are chemically and structurally diverse, being caused by a wide variety of genotoxic chemicals and ultraviolet radiation. The xeroderma pigmentosum C (XPC) protein has a central role in initiating global-genome NER by recognizing the lesion and recruiting downstream factors. Here we present the crystal structure of the yeast XPC orthologue Rad4 bound to DNA containing a cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) lesion. The structure shows that Rad4 inserts a beta-hairpin through the DNA duplex, causing the two damaged base pairs to flip out of the double helix. The expelled nucleotides of the undamaged strand are recognized by Rad4, whereas the two CPD-linked nucleotides become disordered. These findings indicate that the lesions recognized by Rad4/XPC thermodynamically destabilize the Watson-Crick double helix in a manner that facilitates the flipping-out of two base pairs.