中日两国近代毛纺织工业对比研究

中国和日本的近代毛纺织工业都是在19世纪80年代从西方引进的。但今天日本按人口平均的毛纺织生产能力已为中国的10倍。这两国毛纺织工业的宏观发展都可分为4个阶段:①1913年以前的初创阶段;②1914～1936年的奠基阶段;⑧1937～1949年的曲折阶段;④1950以后的成长阶段。但微观分析可见,这两国之间存在许多差异,本文简要地描述了这些差异。通过这种对比,可得出近代毛纺织工业发展的若干共同规律。     

A METHOD FOR REDUCING YARN HAIRINESS AT RING SPINNING

In order to improve the quality of yarn,a research was carried out at ring spinning.A modifiedtraveller has been used to reduce the yarn hairiness vastly.According to the statistical analysis ofthe data,it was found that the geometrical shape of travellers is the key factor affecting the yarnhairiness at ring spinning.     

中国西周以前织物素材、结构和织具的研究

对西周以前的织物工艺的研究已经不少,但大多比较零散,而且主要着眼于丝绸。本文以迄今为止在中国出土的西周以前典型纺织文物的文献为基础,系统地研究这个时期的织造工艺,包括原料、织物结构、织具。对浙江河姆渡遗址出土的织具零件,结合甲骨文、金文中提示织具的文字,进行了研究。结果显示,所有主要天然纤维已经用上;所有简单和复合的织物组织,除缎纹外,已经出现;所用的织具除已知的原始腰机外可能还有3点或4点支持的地织机。     

中国纺织技术发展的历史分期

在编写《中国纺织科学技术史(古代部分)》的过程中,通过全体编写人员反复讨论,认为纺织技术发展的历史分期应当以技术本身发展的特征为标志。技术发展的特征最集中地表现在生产工具上。加工一定的原料,运用一定的工艺,必然有一定的工具。“工欲善其事,必先利其器”就包含这个意思。根据讨论的结果,起草了一个我国纺织技术发展历史分期概貌。以工具(机械)为纲,原料发展为目,相应地结合工艺与产品,列举各个历史时期的特征。因为这是第一次尝试,不尽准确,特求教于纺织界和史学界的同志们。     

略论纺织科学技术在中华民族文化中的历史地位

我国各族劳动人民的纺织生产实践起源很早,范围极广,对民族文化的各个侧面有着深刻的影响。现代汉语的政治、科技各领域均有大量来源于纺织的词汇。日用的形容词、副词及抽象名词,甚至连已沿用了几千年的古典成语,也有不少来自纺织。这在世界上是独特的。远在原始社会,我国纺织技术在黄河、长江流域等广泛的地区,已相当发达。到奴隶社会,纺织品已很精美。封建社会初,纺织品的质量达到高峰。丝织技术几千年来一直称誉于全世界。宋、元以后的棉纺织技术直到鸦片战争还处于世界领先的地位。我国纺织科学技术和中医相似,也是一个宝库。它有自己的独特的内容和风格。发掘这个宝库并与现代技术相结合,将对我国纺织工业现代化的进展有促进作用.     

OPTIMIZATION OF THE METHOD OF SELECTING THE TOOTH NUMBER SERIES IN A SET OF CHANGE GEARS Part Ⅱ The Rules for Permuting the DBL’s of the First Order and Their Intercalated Sets

The problem in practice of determining the proper combination of Z_i in a set of changegears may be abstracted to the problem of finding the proper combination and permutation ofthe elements a_(i,i+1) of the set A_1 to give maximum M-d. Some results to find optimal combina-tions of the elements of the set A_1 have been reported in part I. In this part, some rules forpermuting these elements are introduced. By means of these rules, three kinds of intercalated setsof A_1 have been found, namely: (1) Sets with an even left wing, (2) Sets with coincidence of bothwings, and (3) Sets with circulated elements.     

The Macromarket Law and Development Models of Wool and Cotton Industries

According to the macromarket law, the total supply will go to equilibrium with the total demand for the world as a whole. Textiles are consumables, the total demand of which must be proportional to the population. For any large district, the share ratio - the ratio of the local productivity world share to the local population world share,will approach unity in long term period. The uncommon prosperity of the textile industry in the developed countries before the Second World War had been established by super economical means of the old era. The developing countries nowadays have no such means, and will never be able to establish the local textile Industry to an uncommon large scale. The development model of the textile industry must be in four stages: the first two are common both for the developed and for the developing countries, namely demand leading - supply leading. The third stage is quite different: uncommon expansion followed by significant declination, for the developed, and the re - arrangemen     

气圈环直径与安装高度的研究

目前环锭(细纱、捻线)机上的气圈环的结构参数和安装尺寸,远末达到优化组合。本文从理论和实践对上述优化组合问题作了探讨。     

中国古代织花技艺与织机发展的研究

纺织品的织花技术与织机、织具的进步,是衡量纺织品种生产和科技发展水平的重要标志。本文主要依据历年和近期的出土纺织品实物和图象(画象石和绘画等),结合丰富的记载文献资料,进行系统的综合分析与归纳,阐明中国古代纺织品织花技艺与工具机械的发生与进展历程。中国古代纹织物织花技术与工具机械的概略发展过程有下列几个阶段:(1)原始时代的编织和挑花机具;(2)商代绮织造的纹综杆式踞织机;(3)周、汉代经锦织造的多综多蹑机和束综提花机的创制;(4)唐代以后纬线显花技术和束综提花机的全面发展。