美国国家量子计划实施的特点及启示

 美国国家量子计划已实施2年。梳理了该计划相关法案、管理机制、重点领域、经费投入、实施进展等情况，分析了该计划战略部署、协调推进、多学科平台建设、人才培养和国际合作等方面的做法和特点。提出中国应加强和优化量子科技战略规划和顶层设计、加强统筹协调、构建量子科技创新生态等发展建议。     

Massive glycosaminoglycan-dependent entry of Trp-containing cell-penetrating peptides induced by exogenous sphingomyelinase or cholesterol depletion

Among non-invasive cell delivery strategies, cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) vectors represent interesting new tools. To get fundamental knowledge about the still debated internalisation mechanisms of these peptides, we modified the membrane content of cells, typically by hydrolysis of sphingomyelin or depletion of cholesterol from the membrane outer leaflet. We quantified and visualised the effect of these viable cell surface treatments on the internalisation efficiency of different CPPs, among which the most studied Tat, R₉, penetratin and analogues, that all carry the N-terminal biotin-Gly₄ tag cargo. Under these cell membrane treatments, only penetratin and R₆W₃ underwent a massive glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-dependent entry in cells. Internalisation of the other peptides was only slightly increased, similarly in the absence or the presence of GAGs for R₉, and only in the presence of GAGs for Tat and R₆L₃. Ceramide formation (or cholesterol depletion) is known to lead to the reorganisation of membrane lipid domains into larger platforms, which can serve as a trap and cluster receptors. These results show that GAG clustering, enhanced by formation of ceramide, is efficiently exploited by penetratin and R₆W₃, which contains Trp residues in their sequence but not Tat, R₉ and R₆L₃. Hence, these data shed new lights on the differences in the internalisation mechanism and pathway of these peptides that are widely used in delivery of cargo molecules.     

Comparison of breeding biology aspects of Fluvicola nengeta (Aves: Tyrannidae) between two nesting sites

Fluvicola nengeta is an insectivorous bird that belongs to the Tyrannidae family, which lives close to bodies of water and can occur in urban areas as well. It makes use of natural and man-made substrates to build its nests. This study aims at describing the reproductive biology of F. nengeta by comparing nests built on vegetation and man-made structures as to their shapes, nest dimensions, building materials, distance from bodies of water and reproductive success. Forty-four nests were found, where 30 were located in vegetation and 14 on man-made structures. Nests did not exhibit any single pattern and were divided into three distinct shapes: closed/globular/base; closed/ovoid/base (45.5%; n = 5 for both) and low cup/base (9%; n = 1). Nests built on man-made structures exhibited a larger amount of anthropic material, such as plastic and paper, instead of plant-derived materials. Nests on man-made structures were found to be higher up from the ground (459.8 ± 46.9 m) and farther from water (232.9 ± 54.8 m) in comparison to those on vegetation (92.2 ± 28.6 m and 7.3 ± 4.7 m, respectively), aside from exhibiting a higher Mayfield reproductive success (37%) when compared to nests built on vegetation (34%). The estimated values of the daily survival rate (DSR) for vegetation nests were 0.997 for the incubation period and 0.928 for the nestling period. In man-made structure nests, DSRs were 0.968 and 0.964, respectively, during the incubation and nestling periods. The period survival rate (PSR) of nests in vegetation was significantly higher than the PSRs of nests in man-made structures during the incubation period. DSRs did not differ between incubation and nestling periods for either nesting sites.     

Short-run wavelet-based covariance regimes for applied portfolio management

Decisions on ass et allocations are often determined by covariance estimates from historical market data. In this paper, we introduce a wavelet-based portfolio algorithm, distinguishing between newly embedded news and long-run information that has already been fully absorbed by the market. Exploiting the wavelet decomposition into short- and long-run covariance regimes, we introduce an approach to focus on particular covariance components. Using generated data, we demonstrate that short-run covariance regimes comprise the relevant information for periodical portfolio management. In an empirical application to US stocks and other international markets for weekly, monthly, quarterly, and yearly holding periods (and rebalancing), we present evidence that the application of wavelet-based covariance estimates from short-run information outperforms portfolio allocations that are based on covariance estimates from historical data.     

基于PSR和物元可拓模型的跨界河流健康评价 ——以太浦河干流为例

以太浦河为例,基于PSR模型构建针对水体和河岸带的多指标评价体系,运用熵权法计算指标权重,通过PSR模型和物元可拓模型对太浦河进行分段分类分级评价.结果表明:上游江苏吴江段分类结果为"高压力-较好状态-低响应能力"类型;中游浙江嘉善段为"低压力-中等状态-低响应能力"类型;下游上海青浦段为"低压力-中等状态-高响应能力"类型.吴江段河流健康状况评估结果为Ⅲ级(差),嘉善段和青浦段均为Ⅱ级(一般),且倾向于Ⅰ级(好),表明虽然河流目前的健康状态一般,但由于制定的政策在一定程度上有效,可通过进一步加大保护水源地力度逐步实现水源地健康状况恢复.研究结果可为太浦河分区治理和河岸带生态化建设提供决策支持.     

基于近似观测和最小熵约束的SAR稀疏自聚焦方法

当采样率较低以及重建散射点数量较多时, 基于两步优化的稀疏自聚焦方法收敛速度较慢且容易陷入误差较大的局部最优解, 导致自聚焦失败。针对此问题，提出了一种基于近似观测和最小熵约束的稀疏自聚焦方法。首先, 为解决测量矩阵规模大、内存占用高的问题, 构建了一种基于近似观测的稀疏自聚焦模型, 在聚焦图像的傅里叶变换域引入误差相位。然后, 在采用最大似然估计器估计误差相位时增加了最小熵约束, 同时采用相位梯度自聚焦法提供误差相位的初始解, 有效降低了迭代次数并使迭代结果更接近全局最优解。机载合成孔径雷达的实测数据成像结果表明, 与常规自聚焦方法相比, 所提方法具有更快的收敛速度和更稳定的自聚焦性能。     

The Predictive Performance Evaluation of Biased Regression Predictors With Correlated Errors

When the interdependence of disturbances is present in a regression model, the pattern of sample residuals contains information which is useful in the prediction of post‐sample drawings and when multicollinearity among regressors is also present, it is useful to use biased regression estimators. This information is exploited in the biased predictors derived here. Also, the predictive performance of various biased predictors with correlated errors is discussed and all pair‐wise comparisons are made among these predictors. The theoretical results are illustrated by a numerical example. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Estimation and Inference in Semi-Functional Partially Linear Measurement Error Models

Journal of Systems Science and Complexity - This article studies the estimation and statistical inference problems of semi-functional partially linear regression models when the covariates in the...     

轨道站点公共交通导向的开发综合指数对周边建筑停车配建指标的影响

围绕轨道站TOD开发是支撑城市低碳交通发展,降低小汽车出行依赖的重要举措。目前,国内多个城市对轨道站点周边建筑停车配建指标进行了均质化数值的折减,对轨道站点能级差异、距离差异等要素对停车需求影响研究相对较少。本文在传统的轨道站点“节点-场所”模型基础上,引入“联系”维度评价以系统刻画出行者从轨道交通站点到达周边建筑的交通衔接转换过程的影响,从节点、场所、联系三个维度构建了轨道交通站TOD综合指数量化模型,以反映不同的轨道站点类别、交通衔接条件、出行距离对停车需求变化的影响,并提出轨道站点TOD综合指数对周边建筑停车配建指标影响计算方法。最后,以南京市停车配建指标修订研究为例,通过对城市不同分区及不同类别轨道站点TOD综合指数测算,提出了轨道站点周边建筑的停车配建指标折减数值的计算方法。