Colour mixing and colour preferences in neonate gulls

Zusammenfassung Junggeschlüpfte Silber- und Heringsmöven zeigen beim Picken von kleinflächigen, beweglichen Reizen Spektralfarbbevorzugungen. Drei theoretische Modelle sind vorgeschlagen worden, die diese Bevorzugungen erklären sollen. Die Voraussagen dieser Modelle bezüglich der Bevorzugung von Mischfarben wurden experimentell geprüft und als nicht zutreffend befunden. Vielmehr legen die Ergebnisse die Vermutung nahe, dass die Bevorzugung nicht, wie bisher angenommen, auf einem afferenten sensorischen Filtermechanismus beruht, sondern auf einen mehr zentralen, postperzeptualen Prozess zurückzuführen ist.     

原子空位缺陷对扶手椅形单层碳纳米管轴压屈曲性能的影响

采用分子动力学方法,分别对含单、双原子空位缺陷的扶手椅形单层碳纳米管及其完善结构进行轴向压缩的数值模拟,对比两种长度纳米管在不同温度条件下的承载性能.模拟结果表明,温度越低、碳纳米管的长度越长,完善纳米管屈曲强度的温度依赖性越显著.管壁缺陷显著降低了纳米管的承载能力,而且含缺陷碳纳米管的屈曲性能对温度变化并不敏感.     

双取代簇阴离子RuCo3(CO)10(PPh3)2-与(PPh3Au)+的反应研究

双取代簇合物NEt4RuCo3(CO)10(PPh3)2与固体(PPh3Ay)Cl和TlPF6反应,生成了双取代簇合物AuPPh3RuCo3(CO)10(PPh3)2·CH2Cl2 Ⅰ后,双取代簇合物Ⅰ又逐渐转变为单取代簇合物AuPPh3RuCo3(CO)11(PPh3)Ⅱ.它们的组成和结构已通过元素分析、IR、31PNMR、59 Co NMR及有关反应验证.双取代簇合物Ⅰ中的两个取代基位置与反应物NEt4RuCo3(CO)10(PPh3)2中两个取代基的位置相同,即两个取代基中,一个占据与钴结合的位置(Co-P),而另一个占据与钌结合的位置(Ru-P).单取代簇合物Ⅱ中的一个取代基占据与钌结合的位置(Ru-P).     

Genome evolution in yeasts

Identifying the mechanisms of eukaryotic genome evolution by comparative genomics is often complicated by the multiplicity of events that have taken place throughout the history of individual lineages, leaving only distorted and superimposed traces in the genome of each living organism. The hemiascomycete yeasts, with their compact genomes, similar lifestyle and distinct sexual and physiological properties, provide a unique opportunity to explore such mechanisms. We present here the complete, assembled genome sequences of four yeast species, selected to represent a broad evolutionary range within a single eukaryotic phylum, that after analysis proved to be molecularly as diverse as the entire phylum of chordates. A total of approximately 24,200 novel genes were identified, the translation products of which were classified together with Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins into about 4,700 families, forming the basis for interspecific comparisons. Analysis of chromosome maps and genome redundancies reveal that the different yeast lineages have evolved through a marked interplay between several distinct molecular mechanisms, including tandem gene repeat formation, segmental duplication, a massive genome duplication and extensive gene loss.