A rare lobopod with well-preserved eyes from Chengjiang Lagerst(?)tte and its implications for origin of arthropods

The origin of arthropods has long been one ofthe most hotly-debated subjects. Arthropods used to bethought closely related with annelids, but the two groups arenow believed to be separated into two major realms withinProtostomia on the basis of new molecular data. Although itis generally held by paleontologists that arthropods should berooted in the early lobopods--a kind of worm-like creaturewith non-segmented legs, no intermediate forms have beenfound to bridge them. Here we report an organism with amixture of characters, including features characteristic ofarthropods (e.g., primary cephalization with paired eyes,paired antennae, and preliminary tagmosis) and of lobopods(e.g., worm-like body design, the dorsal spines, andnon-segmented Iimbs or lobe-like legs). The discovery of therare transitional form may throw new light on the origin ofarthropods and suggests that the most primitive arthropodsbegan with paired uniramous legs and the biramous onesevolved later.     

An armoured Cambrian lobopodian from China with arthropod-like appendages

Cambrian fossil Lagerst?tten preserving soft-bodied organisms have contributed much towards our understanding of metazoan origins. Lobopodians are a particularly interesting group that diversified and flourished in the Cambrian seas. Resembling 'worms with legs', they have long attracted much attention in that they may have given rise to both Onychophora (velvet worms) and Tardigrada (water bears), as well as to arthropods in general. Here we describe Diania cactiformis gen. et sp. nov. as an 'armoured' lobopodian from the Chengjiang fossil Lagerst?tte (Cambrian Stage 3), Yunnan, southwestern China. Although sharing features with other typical lobopodians, it is remarkable for possessing robust and probably sclerotized appendages, with what appear to be articulated elements. In terms of limb morphology it is therefore closer to the arthropod condition, to our knowledge, than any lobopodian recorded until now. Phylogenetic analysis recovers it in a derived position, close to Arthropoda; thus, it seems to belong to a grade of organization close to the point of becoming a true arthropod. Further, D. cactiformis could imply that arthropodization (sclerotization of the limbs) preceded arthrodization (sclerotization of the body). Comparing our fossils with other lobopodian appendage morphologies--see Kerygmachela, Jianshanopodia and Megadictyon--reinforces the hypothesis that the group as a whole is paraphyletic, with different taxa expressing different grades of arthropodization.     

基于边缘计算的车联网中数据回传新方法

针对车联网中数据回传时,由于车辆的移动特性以及路边单元和车辆有限的通信范围,车辆在计算任务完成前已经驶离RSU通信范围而面临的回传选择问题,提出基于V2 I直传和V2 V辅助传输的新方法.首先,通过对车辆的移动、回传数据量、最大传输时延以及链路有效寿命进行估算,判断使用何种传输策略.其次,在设计辅助传输策略时综合考虑车辆的速度、方向、位置等因素,并将这些因素用稳效值来衡量.在构建回传链路时采取贪婪选择方式,选择稳效值最大的邻居节点作为中继节点.实验表明,本文提出的回传策略相比其他算法在传输时延和包交付率方面有更好的效果.     

On the Phylum Vetulicolia

1 The Chengjiang Fauna and the four greatest inno- vations in the evolutionary history of animals In 1837, i.e. 22 years before the formal publication of Origin of Species, by comprehending the finch story in the Galapagos, Charles Darwin understood that an animal species could be transformed into another species bygradual modifications and for the first time drew the fa- mous “branching tree”[1]. A century later, passing through two major revisions, i.e. the so-called Neo-Darwinism and …     

N2O氮化LPCVD氧化物可靠性的改进

通过与热生长氧化物进行比较 ,对LPCVD氧化物及N2 O氮化LPCVD氧化物的质量和可靠性进行了高场应力实验研究 .发现LPCVD氧化物有比热氧化物低的界面态密度Ditm 及小的应力感应Ditm 的增加 ,但电子陷阱产生和俘获率却表现出增强的性能 ,从而使击穿特性退化 .在N2 O氮化后 ,LPCVD氧化物的Si/SiO2界面和体质量得到很大提高 ,其机理在于N2 O氮化导致界面氮的结合及LPCVD氧化物中H2 副产物的有效排除 .     

Yunnanozoon是半索动物的远祖

对澄江化石库中Ｙｕｎｎａｎｏｚｏｏｎ（云南虫）重新研究表明，其身体由吻、邻和躯干三部发构成；躯干前段为具有成对鳃孔的咽腔，后段为消化区这种独特的身体造型与现生肠鳃类半索动物几无二致，从鸸 有明这个早寒武世动物是地球上半索动物门中书已知最古老的祖先类型。     

中上元古界柱状叠层石生长过程浅析

柱状叠层石柱体因趋光性而弯曲向上生长.高能环境是柱体不断生长的前提条件.潮下带柱状叠层石无壁,柱体成分与柱体间成分相似;潮间带产出的柱状叠层石有壁.柱体成分不同于柱体间充填物的成分.叠层石露出水面干裂后可导致分叉现象.本文就柱状叠层石的生长过程作一简要的分析.     

A rare lobopod with well-preserved eyes from Chengjiang Lagerstātte and its implications for origin of arthropods

The origin of arthropods has long been one ofthe most hotly-debated subjects. Arthropods used to bethought closely related with annelids, but the two groups arenow believed to be separated into two major realms withinProtostomia on the basis of new molecular data. Although itis generally held by paleontologists that arthropods should berooted in the early lobopods-.a kind of worm-like creaturewith non-segmented legs, no intermediate forms have beenfound to bridge them. Here we report an organism with amixture of characters, including features characteristic ofarthropods (e.g., primary cephalization with paired eyes,paired antennae, and preliminary tagmosis) and of lobopods(e.g., worm-like body design, the dorsal spines, andnon-segmented limbs or lobe-like legs). The discovery of therare transitional form may throw new light on the origin ofarthropods and suggests that the most primitive arthropodsbegan with paired uniramous legs and the biramous onesevolved later.     

New observations of the lobopod-like worm Facivermis from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagersttte

Facivermis yunnanicus （Hou ＆ Chen, 1989）, from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstatte, a worm-like fossil with 5 pairs of tentacles and a perceived shrunken end, has been regarded as related to polychaetes, later it has been variously interpreted as Iobopods, Pentastoma and Iophophorates. Newly discovered complete specimens by the ELI field team show that the taxon has, in addition to the 5 pairs of appendages, a pear-shaped trunk end bearing two or three circles of hooks. Accordingly based on these important morphological characters, reconsideration of its affinities is provided and the taxonomy is remedied herein. Because the five pairs of appendages of Facivermis yunnanicus resemble the appendages of the fore-trunk of Iobopod Miraluolishania （Liu ＆ Shu, 2004）, it seems that they are homologous structures. Therefore, the affinities of Facivermis are regarded here as being close to the Iobopods, in addition, the lobe-like appendages of Facivermis are very crucial to exploring the origin of the appendages of Iobopods and arthropods.