Some evidence of drying trend over northern China from 1951 to 2004

The surface wetness index, Palmer drought sererity index and the retrieval of soil moisture over China were calculated using monthly precipitation and monthly mean surface air temperature. Based on the contrast analysis of the variation of the above three indices and precipitation, the dry/wet spatio-temporal pattern of northern China in the last 54 years was revealed, and the evidence of drying trend over northern China was analyzed, especially. The results show the following four facts: (1) The drying trend is the main characteristic of the eastern part of Northwest China and the central part of North China since the 1980s and it was enhanced in the last 15 years mainly due to the precipitation decrease and the temperature increase; (2) During the last 54 years, there was only one dry/wet shift at the interdecadal scale occurring in the eastern part of Northwest China and the central part of North China in the late 1970s, which was related to 1977/1978 global abrupt change, whereas there were three shifts in Northeast China, one was in the mid 1990s and the other two were in 1965 and 1983, respectively; (3) Unlike the variation trend of other subregions of northern China, the western part of Northwest China is currently located in a relatively wetting period, which is weak-ened due to the temperature increase; (4) The extreme drought frequency is obviously increasing in the eastern part of Northwest China, the central part of North China and Northeast China since the 1980s, which is closely related to the precipitation decrease and temperature increase in these subregions.     

室内粉刷石膏抹面施工方法

粉刷石膏是一种具有呼吸功能好、防火性好及绿色环保的抹面材料,在现在的许多工程实践中应用广泛.文章就粉刷石膏的特点、施工工法及施工注意事项进行了介绍.     

H2SO4改性活性炭催化合成二苯甲烷

以活性炭负载硫酸作为一种新型便宜和有效的环境友好固体催化剂,催化合成了二苯甲烷．考察了催化剂用量、苯与苄基氯体积比、反应温度以及反应时间对该傅一克反应的影响,得出了最佳反应条件,即m（改性活性炭）：m（苯）：m（苄基氯）-18：39：4,反应时间为7h,反应温度为80℃．在此条件下,二苯甲烷产率为78％．     

An virtual numerical experiment to understand the impacts of recovering natural vegetation on the summer climate and environmental conditions in East Asia

By applying a regional integrated environmental model system (RIEMS), a virtual numerical experiment is implemented to study the impacts of recovering natural vegetation on the regional climate and environmental conditions. The results show that recovering the natural vegetation in large scale could have significant influence on summer climate in East Asia. Not only would it be able to change the surface climate, but also to modify to certain extent the intensity of monsoon circulation. Although this is a virtual experiment at an extremely ideal condition, the implication of the simulating results is that the on-going nation-wide activities to recover the crop land for forest and pasture must be managed according to the local natural climate, hydrological and soil conditions. Only under such a condition, would the recovering of natural vegetation bring about significant climate and environmental benefits at regional scale.     

Study on response of ecosystem to the East Asian monsoon in eastern China using LAI data derived from remote sensing information

Based on the leaf area index (LAI) data derived from remote sensing information and eco-climate data, the responses of regional ecosystem variations in seasonal and interannual scales to the East Asian monsoon are studied. It is found that the vegetation ecosystems of eastern China are remarkably correlated with the East Asian monsoon in seasonal and interannual scales. In the seasonal timescale, the obvious variations of the vegetation ecosystems occur with the development of the East Asian monsoon from the south in the spring to the north in the autumn. In the interannual scale, high LAI appears in the strong East Asian monsoon year, whereas low LAI is related to the weak East Asian monsoon year. These further lead to the characteristic of "monsoon-driven ecosystem" in the eastern China monsoon region, which can be revealed by LAI.     

New evidence for effects of land cover in China on summer climate

The effects of land cover in different regions of China on summer climate are studied by lagged correlation analysis using NOAA/AVHRR normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data for the period of 1981-1994 and temperature,precipitation data of 160 meteorological stations in China,The results show that the correlation coeffi-cients between NDVI in previous season and summer precipitation are positive in most regions of China,and the lagged correlations show a significant difference between regions.The stronger correlations between NDVI in previous winter and precipitation in summer occur in Central Chian and the Tibetan Plateau,and the correlations between spring NDVI and summer precipitation in the eastern arid/semiarid region and the Tibetan Plateau are more significant .Vegetation changes have more sensitive feedback effects on climate in the three regions (eastern arid /semi-arid region,Central China and Tibetan Plateau),The lagged correlations between NDVI and precipitation suggest that,on interannual time scales,land cover affects summer precipitation to a certain extent,The correlations between NDVI in previous season and summer temperature show more comlex ,and the lagged responses of temperature to vegetation are weaker compared with precipitation .and they are possibly related to the global warming which partly cover up the correlations.     

香豆素类化合物“Ocimarin”的首次全合成

通过简单3步反应首次合成香豆素类天然产物＂Ocimarin＂,总收率为23.2%.其中以CeCl3.7H2O为催化剂,在无溶剂体系下,间苯二酚与β-酮酯进行的Pechmann反应是合成的关键步骤.目标化合物经过IR,1HNMR和MS鉴定.     

室内粉刷石膏抹面施工方法

粉刷石膏是一种具有呼吸功能好、防火性好及绿色环保的抹面材料,在现在的许多工程实践中应用广泛。文章就粉刷石膏的特点、施工工法及施工注意事项进行了介绍。     

高电阻电极对微细电火花放电加工影响的研究

微细电火花放电加工过程中,由于单位脉冲放电的材料去除率(放电凹坑直径)决定了最小加工尺寸以及微细电火花加工的加工表面粗糙度,所以减少单位脉冲放电的材料去除率具有重要作用。为达到此目的,采用具有高电阻材料如单晶硅作为工具电极。分析结果显示,随着工具电极电阻提高,放电电流峰值逐渐降低,脉冲放电时间增加,放电能量减小。另外,研究并测试了硅电极加工不锈钢工件时电阻值对工件表面放电凹坑直径的影响。实验结果表明当硅工具电极电阻值提高时,放电凹坑直径逐渐降低;并达到最小值0.5μm;同时降低了工件表面粗糙度值0.03μm;提高了表面加工质量。     

压裂井储层质量综合评价研究

压裂前对储层质量的优劣进行准确评价可以显著提高增产效果和经济效益。将储层质量分解为储集能力和 流动能力两个要素,并将要素进一步细化为孔隙度、渗透率、含气饱和度等容易获取和量化的指标参数,建立了多层次 的压裂井储层质量评价指标体系;并应用灰色关联分析方法获取各影响因素的重要程度和权重,然后结合模糊数学方 法考虑各影响因素的综合作用,形成了多级模糊灰色关联分析的综合评判体系;通过上述处理后得到一个表征压裂井 储层质量优劣的具体评分数值,根据该数值的大小即可对储层的优劣进行定量评价。现场应用表明,模糊综合评分越 高,储层改造后产量越高,充分验证了本文提出的方法的准确性和可靠性。