Combustion energies and standard molar enthalpies of formation for the complexes of the first-row transitional metal chlorides withL-α-histidine

Seven novel solid complexes of the first-row transitional metal with L-α-histidine were synthesized, and their compositions were determined. The constant-volume combustion energies of the complexes were measured by a precision rotation bomb calorimeter. The standard molar enthalpies of combustion and the standard molar enthalpies of formation were calculated. The results indicated that the plots of the standard enthalpies of formation against the atomic number of the metal show a regularity of zigzag.     

Palaeogene fossil <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus</Emphasis> leaves from Lanzhou Basin and their palaeoclimatic significance

An angiosperm compression flora is found in Palaeogene from Lanzhou Basin and the cuticular analysis of Populus davidiana Dode in the flora is carefully made. Furthermore, the fossil cuticles are compared with the epidermal structures of extant Populus leaves growing in different environments, i.e. moist, semimoist, and semiarid to arid climatic regions. The present experiments indicate that mature leaves of P. davidiana show leaf size from big to small, leaf cuticles from thick to thin and anticlinal walls of epidermal cells from faintness to clarity along with the increase of lattudes of the plant distributions, the climatic variation from moist to arid, the annual precipitation from more to less and the annual mean temperature from high to low. The fossil P. davidiana differs from the specimens collected from Shandan in semiarid to arid climatic regions but closely resembles the Wushan leaves in a semi-moist climatic area in a lot of features. In a word, the new research may reflect that the flora lives in a semi-moist climatic environment. The present discovery of compression of Paleogene Populus davidiana is of great significance to studying vegetation types, climatic and environmental changes during the primal uplifting of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.     

某疏浚工程凿岩工艺及后期扫浅介绍

某造船基地疏浚工程的岩石方量大,施工范围与在建码头的施工作业面相壤,施工干扰大,加上前期施工延误造成了较大的工期压力.受制于爆破施工严格管控、成本控制、进度要求等,采用了凿岩工艺清除岩石,并根据岩石分布分布集中,岩质坚硬而整体性强的特点对凿岩工艺进行了创新,高效、安全地清除了80余万m3岩石,为提前40天完成工程施工任务奠定了基础.扫浅阶段,针对软、硬土区域的不同要求分别采用拖钢丝扫浅及槽钢拖平工艺进行施工,取得了良好的效果.对施工方法进行分析介绍,可为类似施工提供借鉴.     

Sticker DNA computer model ——PartⅡ: Application

Sticker model is one of the basic models in the DNA computer models. This model is coded with sin-gle-double stranded DNA molecules. It has the following advantages that the operations require no strands extension and use no enzymes; What抯 more, the materials are reusable. Therefore, it arouses attention and interest of scientists in many fields. In this paper, we extend and improve the sticker model, which will be definitely beneficial to the construction of DNA computer. This paper is the second part of our series paper, which mainly focuses on the application of sticker model. It mainly consists of the following three sections: the matrix representation of sticker model is first presented; then a brief review of the past research on graph and com-binatorial optimization, such as the minimal set covering problem, the vertex covering problem, Hamiltonian path or cycle problem, the maximal clique problem, the maximal independent problem and the Steiner spanning tree problem, is described; Finally a DNA algorithm for the graph iso-morphic problem based on the sticker model is given.     

南水北调穿黄隧道的非线性分析

针对同水北调中线穿黄工程输水盾构隧道的特点,建立了连续介质力学的界面应力元模型。分析中,对双层混凝土衬切进行了精细模拟,考虑了衬砌结构与土体的相互作用。理论分析和数值计算结果表明,本文建立的计算模型精度高,适用性强,能够较好地仿真各种缝面的不连续变形特征。     

树脂吸附法处理高浓度混甲酚生产废水的研究

采用大孔吸附树脂ＣＨＡ－１１１，处理对申酚生产过程中产生的高浓度合酚废水，该树脂工作吸附量＞５０ｍｇ／ｍｌ，酚去除率＞９９％，ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率为５５％，除酚性能优于美国的ＡｍｂｃｔｌｉｔｃＸＡＤ－４。     

Leaf cuticular characters of Ginkgo and implications for paleoatmospheric CO2 in the Jurassic

A combination of carbon isotope composition and stomatal characters of fossil leaves provides information about paleoatmospheric CO₂ levels and the physiology of fossil plants. Plant anatomy, physiology, and geochemistry have been employed to reconstruct the paleoatmospheric CO2 concentrations throughout Jurassic time and to investigate the physiological response of fossil Ginkgo to an atmosphere of much higher CO₂ than usual. Our results show that fossil Ginkgo in China lived in an atmosphere with a CO₂ concentration 3—5 times higher than that of today. It used a carbon isotopic discrimination similar to that of the living plant, but had much higher water use efficiency (3—5 times that of the extant). The physiological traits of Ginkgo in different atmospheres suggest that CO₂ might have played a contributory role in the rise and fall of maidenhair trees.     

数学解题能力提升的策略与技巧

数学课程在培养学生逻辑思维与分析推理能力上具有举足轻重的作用。解题能力的提高可以使学生巩固数学知识,培养数学思想、发散思维和创新意识。利用一些数学案例对提升数学解题的策略与技巧进行分析,提出了认真审题,灵活运用数学思想和方法,多练习、勤反思3个策略。认真审题,培养仔细的审题习惯,是提高学生解题能力的前提;其次必须牢牢掌握以学习过的数学思想和方法并且能在准确分析之后灵活地运用;最后多练习、勤反思,逐步巩固知识结构。在一题多解、一题多变、对比辨析及问题的延伸中,探索培养和提高学生解题能力的有效途径。     

Geochemical characteristics of fossil Solenites murrayana cuticles from the Jurassic in Lanzhou, northwest China

Through geochemical analysis on cuticles of the Jurassic fossil Solenites murrayana L.et H. from the Yaojie Coalfield in Lanzhou, northwest China, and by comparison of geochemical features with its nearest living equivalent, Ginkgo biloba, we show that the characteristics of organic matter of the fossil plant cuticles accord with evolutionary features of asphalt in oil formation. The content analysis of organic matter indicates that the geochemistry is equivalent to rotten mud-sapropel humus types from Mesozoic and Cenozoic source rock in China. Some analysis data of organic matter indicate that Solenites murrayana cuticles are in a low mature stage, which coincides with the hydrocarbon generation model of cutinite in coal. Moreover, distribution features of soluble organic matter of cuticles show that fossil plant cuticles have a definite action in forming terrestrial high-wax oil, which has testified the contribution of high plants to waxness. The present study proves that Ginkgophytes abundant in the Jurassic were a high potential plant in the formation of coal-bed hydrocarbon.     

喷射器气体动力函数法的真实气体修正

索科洛夫提出的气体动力函数法是喷射器经典的设计方法，但是其基于理想气体的假设使得该方法应用于高压的真实气体时误差较大。运用气体热力学方法，从焓和定压比热容的定义入手，引入真实气体等熵温度绝热指数和等熵容积绝热指数，结合能量方程，推导出基于真实气体的气体动力学函数理论式。在此基础上，依据动量守恒和质量守恒定律，推导出了基于真实气体的气体喷射器与气力输送喷射器的基本方程。与索科洛夫设计方法进行了对比，结果表明，低压工况下，基于真实气体的修正方法与索科洛夫设计方法计算结果吻合，说明修正的设计方法覆盖了索科洛夫设计方法；但在高压工况下，两种设计方法的结果差异明显。基于真实气体的修正弥补了索科洛夫设计方法的局限，可适用于全压范围的喷射器设计。