基于改进主观贝叶斯方法识别电熔镁炉异常工况

电熔镁炉熔炼过程信息包含大量的不确定性，基于大数据分析的方法难以应用.为准确识别电熔镁炉熔炼过程的异常工况，提出一种基于改进的主观贝叶斯在线规则推理方法.传统的主观贝叶斯方法参数赋值范围过大，针对这一问题，使用映射函数将参数赋值范围缩小到有限区间，以提高方法的实用性.在规则推理时，使用模糊隶属度函数对观察和证据进行模糊匹配，以提高工况识别的鲁棒性和准确率.仿真分析表明该方法可以有效描述规则中的不确定性信息，准确识别电熔镁炉熔炼过程的异常工况.     

Banach 3-Lie代数上两类映射的稳定性

结合函数方程pf(x+y/p+z)=f(x)+f(y)+pf(z),研究了Banach 3-Lie代数上的同态、导子以及广义导子的广义Hyers-Ulam稳定性(其中p为固定正整数).     

高低温环境航天机构力矩特性测试平台研制

为了测试在太空环境下航天机构中弹性机构的性能指标,研制了高低温环境下测量角度-力矩特性的测试平台.分析测试平台测试原理后,设计了平台的机械结构、设计电气系统结构并搭建软件系统.机械结构考虑对被测对象的保护,针对高低温测试带有高低温箱,可以为被测对象提供-100℃～100℃的温度环境,具有热变形偏差测量与补偿设计,减少温度变化对测量精度的影响.软件系统具备收集、处理、存储数据和图形化显示能力.分析平台不确定度的组成,对传感器进行测试校准并对航天弹性机构进行测试,测试结果验证了:该测试平台的力矩检测范围为0～50 N·m,力矩检测精度≤0.5％FS,角度测量扩展不确定度为U=35.6″,得到了被测对象的角度-力矩特性曲线图.     

2017—2019 年北京地区实验动物质量抽检结果分析

摘要:目的 比对分析 2017—2019 年北京地区实验动物微生物及遗传质量监测结果,为实验动物产业发展提供参考。 方法 按照国家和地方现行实验动物检测标准,对北京地区实验动物生产单位进行抽检,并发布检测报告。按照报告数据,对此阶段小鼠、大鼠、豚鼠、地鼠、兔、犬、猴和小型猪共 8 个品种的实验动物按照品种、等级、单位等进行分类,分析质量问题,并与 2014—2016 年同期实验动物质量比对,分析变化趋势。 结果 2017—2019 年分别抽检动物 144、131 和 135 批次,检出不合格批次分别为 30、15 和 17 批。 不合格主要因素为兔、犬及猪免疫不达标(20 批) ,病原感染 20 批,未发现遗传变异。 与 2014—2016 年同期相比,未检出遗传问题相同,免疫不达标状况好转,但病原感染出现上升。 结论 通过质量分析比对,能够为实验动物产业健康发展提供数据支持。     

Blockage of the NLRP3 inflammasome by MCC950 improves anti-tumor immune responses in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

The NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical innate immune pathway responsible for producing active interleukin (IL)-1β, which is associated with tumor development and immunity. However, the mechanisms regulating the inflammatory microenvironment, tumorigenesis and tumor immunity are unclear. Herein, we show that the NLRP3 inflammasome was over-expressed in human HNSCC tissues and that the IL-1β concentration was increased in the peripheral blood of HNSCC patients. Additionally, elevated NLRP3 inflammasome levels were detected in tumor tissues of Tgfbr1/Pten 2cKO HNSCC mice, and elevated IL-1β levels were detected in the peripheral blood serum, spleen, draining lymph nodes and tumor tissues. Blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation using MCC950 remarkably reduced IL-1β production in an HNSCC mouse model and reduced the numbers of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Moreover, inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation increased the numbers of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in HNSCC mice. Notably, the numbers of exhausted PD-1⁺ and Tim3⁺ T cells were significantly reduced. A human HNSCC tissue microarray showed that NLRP3 inflammasome expression was correlated with the expression of CD8 and CD4, the Treg marker Foxp3, the MDSC markers CD11b and CD33, and the TAM markers CD68 and CD163, PD-1 and Tim3. Overall, our results demonstrate that the NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β pathway promotes tumorigenesis in HNSCC and inactivation of this pathway delays tumor growth, accompanied by decreased immunosuppressive cell accumulation and an increased number of effector T cells. Thus, inhibition of the tumor microenvironment through the NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β pathway may provide a novel approach for HNSCC therapy.     

Microsatellite instability in gastric cancer: molecular bases,clinical perspectives,and new treatment approaches

Gastric cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies, with limited treatment options in both locally advanced and metastatic setting, resulting in poor prognosis. Based on genomic characterization, stomach tumour has recently been described as a heterogeneous disease composed by different subtypes, each of them with peculiar molecular aspects and specific clinical behaviour. With an incidence of 22% among all western gastric tumour cases, stomach cancer with microsatellite instability was identified as one of these subgroups. Retrospective studies and limited prospective trials reported differences between gastric cancers with microsatellite stability and those with instability, mainly concerning clinical and pathological features, but also in regard to immunological microenvironment, correlation with prognostic value, and responses to treatment. In particular, gastric cancer with microsatellite instability constitutes a small but relevant subgroup associated with older age, female sex, distal stomach location, and lower number of lymph-node metastases. Emerging data attribute to microsatellite instability status a favourable prognostic meaning, whereas the poor outcomes reported after perioperative chemotherapy administration suggest a detrimental role of cytotoxic drugs in this gastric cancer subgroup. The strong immunogenicity and the widespread expression of immune-checkpoint ligands make microsatellite instability subtype more vulnerable to immunotherapeutic approach, e.g., with anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA4 antibodies. Since gastric cancer with microsatellite instability shows specific features and clinical behaviour not overlapping with microsatellite stable disease, microsatellite instability test might be suitable for inclusion in a diagnostic setting for all tumour stages to guarantee the most targeted and effective treatment to every patient.     

论《熊出没》中的动画角色设计

动画片《熊出没》不仅获得了极高的收视率，还获得了“金猴奖”中动画系列片金奖和动画形象金奖两个重量级奖项。该动画片成功的关键在于动画角色的塑造，通过三个主要角色：聪明的熊大、好吃懒做的熊二及顶着大光头的伐木工人，角色设定相对单调，但仍然受到大众的喜爱，原因就在于“创意”独特，符合受众的感知能力，满足了受众群体的视觉需求。在形象塑造上通过故事情节现代化的演绎、夸张动作安排、独特的地方口音和流行化语言风格等富有人性化的艺术表现形式，刻画了三个角色的性格，符合读者的审美期待，实现了虚拟动画和真实受众之间的沟通。     

“兔狲”理据考

“兔狲”并非外来词。“兔狲”得名理据也不是“捕食鼠兔的猞猁类动物”,而是“兔儿般体胖身小的猞猁类动物”,命名由来与“马猞猁”“羊猞猁”相同。     

General mechanisms of drought response and their application in drought resistance improvement in plants

Plants often encounter unfavorable environmental conditions because of their sessile lifestyle. These adverse factors greatly affect the geographic distribution of plants, as well as their growth and productivity. Drought stress is one of the premier limitations to global agricultural production due to the complexity of the water-limiting environment and changing climate. Plants have evolved a series of mechanisms at the morphological, physiological, biochemical, cellular, and molecular levels to overcome water deficit or drought stress conditions. The drought resistance of plants can be divided into four basic types-drought avoidance, drought tolerance, drought escape, and drought recovery. Various drought-related traits, including root traits, leaf traits, osmotic adjustment capabilities, water potential, ABA content, and stability of the cell membrane, have been used as indicators to evaluate the drought resistance of plants. In the last decade, scientists have investigated the genetic and molecular mechanisms of drought resistance to enhance the drought resistance of various crops, and significant progress has been made with regard to drought avoidance and drought tolerance. With increasing knowledge to comprehensively decipher the complicated mechanisms of drought resistance in model plants, it still remains an enormous challenge to develop water-saving and drought-resistant crops to cope with the water shortage and increasing demand for food production in the future.