锑化物超晶格长波红外焦平面探测器研究进展

锑化物的研究开始于20世纪50年代,70年代随着超晶格概念及后来能带工程的出现,锑化物在红外探测领域的潜力逐渐显露.基于现实的需求,锑化物材料的生长外延及工艺处理技术取得了快速进步,这也得益于之前对Ⅲ-Ⅴ族材料的大量研究.Ⅱ类超晶格(T2SL)的发展主要源于两个主要原因:首先相对于HgCdTe材料,Ⅱ类超晶格具有低成本、可重复性、可操作性、高均匀性等优势,尤其在长波红外及以上波段,Ⅱ类超晶格相对于HgCdTe的优势更明显.其次与HgCdTe材料相比,Ⅱ类超晶格具有很低的俄歇复合概率,这意味着Ⅱ类超晶格红外探测器具有比HgCdTe探测器更低的暗电流或更高的工作温度,提高长波焦平面的工作温度对于降低成像系统的功耗、尺寸及重量至关重要.另外,大气窗口在8–14μm有最高的透射率,同时温度为室温(300 K)的物体所发射的红外辐射波长大约为10μm.因此,长波红外探测对于InAs/GaSbⅡ类超晶格极具价值.理论上Ⅱ类超晶格红外探测器在等效截止波长下能提供同等或超越HgCdTe探测器的性能.但由于Ⅱ类超晶格材料在少子寿命上与HgCdTe存在很大差距,导致Ⅱ类超晶格探测器在耗尽区有很高的产生复合电流.为了抑制产生复合电流及其他机制暗电流,提出了各种结构并应用于Ⅱ类超晶红外探测器上,如PπMN结构、CBIRD以及单极势垒型等,极大地降低了长波器件的暗电流,同时增加了器件阻抗及探测率.此外,InAs/InAsSb超晶格的提出,避免了由Ga在禁带引入复合中心,有效地提高了少子寿命.随着Ⅱ类超晶格技术及理论的不断完善,锑化物超晶格长波焦平面在可操作性、均匀性、稳定性、可扩展性上的优势将更为明显.     

Aerodynamic optimization and evaluation for the three-dimensional afterbody/nozzle integrated configuration of hypersonic vehicles

The optimization of 2D expansion lines and key parameters of three-dimensional configurations was carried out under simulated conditions of Mach 6.5 and a flight altitude of 25 km for an integrated configuration of the afterbody/nozzle of a hypersonic vehicle.First,the cubic B-spline method was applied to parameterize the expansion lines of the upper expansion ramp.The optimization procedure was established based on computational fluid dynamics and the sequential quadratic programming method.The local mesh reconstruction technique was applied to improve computational efficiency.A three-dimensional integrated configuration afterbody/nozzle was designed based on the two-dimensional optimized expansion lines.The influence rules incorporated certain key design parameters affecting the lift and thrust performance of the configuration,such as the ratio of the lengths of the lower expansion ramp to the afterbody (l/L),the dip angle of the lower expansion ramp ω,and the ratio of exit height to the length of afterbody (H/L).Under these conditions,we found that the integrated configuration has optimal performance when l/L=1/6,H/L=0.35 and =10°.We also showed that the presence of a side-board promotes lift and thrust performance,and effectively prevents the leakage of high pressure gas.     

新型低维结构锑化物红外探测器的研究与挑战

红外光电探测器已经历了半个多世纪的发展,先后出现了机械扫描式单元及线列探测器和凝视型红外焦平面探测器两代探测器技术,并形成了一个庞大的红外探测器器件家族.近年来人们逐渐提出了以高探测率、大面阵、低成本、多光谱为技术特点的第三代红外探测器概念.锑化物红外探测材料以其具备的优越光电性能:量子效率高,暗电流小,微带带隙可调,均匀性高、成本低等,成为第三代红外焦平面探测器的最优选材料.本文回顾了近年来国内外第三代红外探测器材料与器件的研究发展历程,重点阐明了锑化物II类超晶格红外探测材料在技术上的优势及其国内外发展现状.通过分析个多个重点研究机构的技术发展历程,阐明了锑化物材料与器件研究的发展趋势,面临的挑战以及今后数年内该领域的研究重点.     

He-Ar isotopic system of fluid inclusions in pyrite from the molybdenum deposits in south margin of North China Block and its trace to metallogenetic and geodynamic background

The helium and argon isotopic compositions of the ore-forming fluids from the molybdenum deposits such as Jinduicheng, Donggou, Shijiawan, and Sandaozhuang, which are located in the East Qinling molybdenum belt in south margin of North China Block （SMCNB）, are reported in this paper. The origin and the evolution of the ore-forming fluids and their coupled-relationships with the intra-continental collision and orogenic process of Qinling Orogen in Mesozoic-Cenozoic have been discussed. The 3He/4He and 40Ar/36Ar values （3He/4He=1.38-3.64 Ra, and 40Ar/36Ar=295.68-346.39, respectively） of the fluid inclusions in pyrite from the molybdenum deposits in East Qinling suggest that, the ore-forming fluid system is mixed by two end members. One is the high temperature deep-derived fluid congenetic with the porphyries generated by crust-mantle mixing, and the other is the low-temperature meteoric water which is rich in crustal radiogenic He with the component of atmospheric Ar. From the Pb isotopic composition, and ore-bearing potential of the porphyry and the regional stratum, we can conclude that the ore-forming materials of the deposits in the East Qinling molybdenum belt are derived from the deep source by the mixing of lower crust and upper mantle. Therefore, the formation of the molybdenum deposits in SMNCB can be related to the crust-mantle interaction, which is accompanied by the intra-continental orogenic and extension process in the post-collision period of Qinling Orogen. The granitic porphyries which are related to Mo mineralization are not simple crust-remelting type granites or S type granites, but belong to syntexis-type or mantle-derived granites, hence their formation has a profound and regional geodynamic background.     

Human embryonic stem cells-derived endothelial cell therapy facilitates kidney regeneration by stimulating renal resident stem cell proliferation in acute kidney injury

Endothelial cell therapy has been implicated to enhance tissue regeneration and vascularization in ischemic kidney. However, no published study has yet examined direct effects of endothelial cell treatment in kidney recovery. This study investigated the therapeutic efficacy of endothelial cells in a mouse model with acute kidney injury (AKI). Thus, human embryonic stem cells-derived endothelial cells (hESC-ECs) labeled with a reporter system encoding a double fusion reporter gene for firefly luciferase (Fluc) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) were characterized by Fluc imaging and immunofluoresence staining. Cultured hESC-ECs (1×106) were injected into ischemic kidney shortly after AKI. Survival of the transplanted hESC-ECs was monitored in vivo from day 1 to 14 after endothelial cell transplantation and potential impact of hESC-EC treatment on renal regeneration was assessed by histological analyses. We report that a substantial level of bioluminescence activity was detected 24 h after hESC-EC injection followed by a gradual decline from 1 to 14 d. Human ESC-ECs markedly accelerated kidney cell proliferation in response to ischaemia-induced damage, indicated by an elevated number of BrdU+ cells. Co-expression of Sca-1, a kidney stem cell proliferation marker, and BrdU further suggested that the observed stimulation in renal cell regeneration was, at least in part, due to increased proliferation of renal resident stem cells especially within the medullary cords and arteriole. Differentiation of hESC-ECs to smooth muscle cells was also observed at an early stage of kidney recovery. In summary, our results suggest that endothelial cell therapy facilitates kidney recovery by promoting vascularization, trans-differentiation and endogenous renal stem cell proliferation in AKI.     

Tectonic rotation in the western South-Dabashan orogenic belt in late Mesozoic

A paleomagnetic study was carried out on Early-Middle Jurassic sediments in the Zhenba area, the western South-dabashan orogenic belt. Stepwise thermal demagnetization isolated the characteristic high temperature component (HTC) (D=37.1°, I=46.1°, α95=10.1°), which passed the fold test. By comparing the corresponding pole of HTC (57.6°N, 196.6°E, A95=9.9°) with coeval reference poles for the Sichuan basin, we detected a 26.5°±9.0° clockwise rotation of the study area relative to the stable Sichuan basin. We...     

Mesozoic basin development and its indication of collisional orogeny in the Dabie orogen

The Dabie orogen underwent deep continental subduction, rapid exhumation, and the huge amount of erosion during the Mesozoic. Its tectonic evolution, especially how its evolution was recorded by sedimentary basins at the flanks of the Dabie orogen is one of the most important issues of the world’s attention. These years, newly studies of basin sedimentology, combined with structural geology, have shown a fundamental progress. The overall distribution of different basin types in the orogen indicates that shortening and thrusting at the margins of the orogen from the Late Triassic to the Early Cretaceous controlled the foreland basins, and extension, doming and rifting were initiated in the core of the orogen from the Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous and were expanded to the whole orogen after the Late Cretaceous. Therefore, The Dabie orogen records gradual transition from overall shortening and thrusting to dominantly extension and rift basin formation expanded from its core to its margins, although these shortening and extension overlapped in time from the Jurassic through Early Cretaceous at crustal levels. The unroofing ages of the ultra-high pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks in the Dabie orogen change from Early Jurassic to Late Jurassic westward. The depth of exhumation increases eastwards. The sediment sources for the Hefei basin are mostly composed of the deeply exhumed, axial Dabie metamorphic complex, and the sediment sources for the Middle Yangtze basin are mostly from cover strata in the southern orogen and related strata with subjacent (i.e. subsequently overthrusted) Mianlue suture belt. Geodynamic analysis represents that continental collision between the North China Block and the South China Block along the Shangdan and Mianlue sutures, subsequently northwestward progradation of the Jiangnan fold and thrust belt, and the underthrusting of the North China Block along the Northern Boundary Fault of Qinling Range led to crustal thickening, gravitational spreading and balanced rebound of the resultant thick crustal welt, and multi-episodic exhumation of the HP/UHP metamorphic rocks. The future studies by the methods of tracing the Dabie orogeny through deposition in the marginal basins should focus on eastward extension of the Mianlue suture, thrust and overlap of the Dabie HP/UHP metamorphic block on different lithotectonic zones and basins along the northern South China Block, the structural framework of the source area of the basins in the syn-depositional stage, the basin lateral extension, huge amount of erosion and sediment transportation from the Dabie blanket and basement rocks, and recovery of subducted and re- moved structural units within the Dabie orogen, etc.     

Modeling and analysis of ground target radiation cross section

Based on the analysis of the passive millimeter wave （MMW） radiometer detection, the ground target radiation cross section is modeled as the new token for the target MMW radiant characteristics. Its application and actual testing are discussed and analyzed. The essence of passive MMW stealth is target radiation cross section reduction.     

超声辅助絮凝剂PAC/PAM处理印染废水的实验研究

以自制聚合氯化铝(PAC)和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)两种絮凝剂进行复配,通过超声辅助处理印染废水。实验考察了复配絮凝剂和超声变频对印染废水处理的影响。结果表明:在pH为11～13时,先加入120 mg.L-1的PAC快速搅拌2 min;然后加入4.0 mg.L-1的PAM搅拌3 min,絮凝效果最佳。超声功率为150 W,频率100 Hz,作用时间30 min之内对絮凝效果有明显提升作用,此时的COD去除率可达82.5%,脱色率可达96.17%;而超声作用超过30 min,絮凝效果降低。     

Ore-forming event and geodynamic setting of molybdenum deposit at Wenquan in Gansu Province, Western Qinling

The Wenquan molybdenum deposit is associated with a Triassic granite in this area. The Wenquan granite is enriched in LILE and LREE, poor in HFSE, and has significantly higher contents of alkali （K2O＋Na2O） and Sr, Ba than those of the island arc volcanic rocks. These geochemical characteristics are similar to post-collisional granites in high K calc-alkaline series. Studies of major elements, trace elements, REEs and chronology of the Wenquan pluton show that, in the geodynamic transition stage of continent-continent convergence to extension, the partial melting of the enriched lithospheric mantle generated the basaltic magma and triggered the partial melting of the thickened lower crust which produceded the acidic magma, and the Wenquan pluton was formed by mixing of the two magmas. Molybdenite Re-Os isotopic dating gave Os model ages of 212.7±2.6 Ma to 215.1±2.6 Ma with a weighted mean of 214.1±1.1 Ma, and an Re-Os isochron age of 214.4±7.1 Ma. These ages are close to K-Ar ages （223 to 226 Ma） and a SHRIMP zircon U-Pb age （223±7 Ma） for the Wenquan granite within the error range, but relatively younger. This implies that the Mo mineralization occurred in a late stage of the magmatic intrusion, and the metallogenesis took place in the transition stage from syn-collision to post-collision in the tectonic setting of the Qinling Orogenic Belt （QOB） after continental collision between the North China Block （NCB） and the South China Block （SCB）. This process is also corresponding to the geological events of metamorphism and deformation in South Qinling, closure of the Mian-Lue oceanic basin, and exhumation of the Dabie-Sulu ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks. The large-scale continent-continent collision between NCB and SCB in the middle Triassic triggered significant crustal thickening and exhumation of subducted slab. In the late Triassic, the tectonic setting was transformed to the transition stage from collision to extension. Materials from the asthenospheric mantle would ascend into the root of the lower crust, which could induce partial melting of the lower crust and generate Mo-enriched granitic magma. The ore-forming elements enriched in the fluid derived from the condensation and fraction of the magma resulted in the Mo mineralization. The Mo deposits in the QOB are mainly formed in two episodes, namely 220± Ma and 140± Ma. The two episodes of metallogenesis were developed in the tectonic transition settings from compression to extension, but they were in the different stages of the tectonic evolution. The occurrence of the Wenquan Mo-bearing pluton indicates that the Triassic tectonic-magmatic belt of Western Qinling is another favorable region for Mo mineralization in the QOB. Therefore, it is significant to pay more attention to evaluation of the ore-forming potentiality in the Triassic granites in Western Qinling.