船舶强度分析中的几个问题

提出在分析现代船舶强度问题时值得重视的几个方面：①整船强度分析;②船体总体翘曲;③疲劳强度;④破舱后总纵强度．采用大连理工大学开发的通用程序ＪＩＦＥＸ９５对２７１６箱集装箱船进行了整船强度分析;作为算例,用薄壁梁有限元对一条３５７箱集装箱船进行了计算;在假定应力范围长期分布服从Ｗｅｉｂｕｌ分布时,形状参数可取为ξ＝１．２１５６－０．００１３３Ｌ．对如何计算热点应力也进行了讨论,并用影响数法计算了破舱后的最大静水弯矩和剪力,它是事半功倍的．推荐了破舱强度分析的准则．     

铁磁/绝缘层/铁磁/绝缘层/s波超导双隧道结中的微分电导与散粒噪声

考虑到铁磁层中的磁交换劈裂,两绝缘层的势垒散射以及量子干涉效应,计算铁磁/绝缘层/铁磁/绝缘层/s波超导结构中的微分电导与散粒噪声.研究表明:微分电导与散粒噪声都随中间铁磁层厚度作周期性振荡.     

The comparative biology of neuromelanin and lipofuscin in the human brain

Neuromelanin and lipofuscin are two pigments produced within the human brain that, until recently, were considered inert cellular waste products of little interest to neuroscience. Recent research has increased our understanding of the nature and interactions of these pigments with their cellular environment and suggests that these pigments may, indeed, influence cellular function. The physical appearance and distribution of the pigments within the human brain differ, but both accumulate in the aging brain and the pigments share some structural features. Lipofuscin accumulation has been implicated in postmitotic cell aging, while neuromelanin is suggested to function as an iron-regulatory molecule with possible protective functions within the cells which produce this pigment. This review presents comparative aspects of the biology of neuromelanin and lipofuscin, as well as a discussion of their hypothesized functions in brain and their possible roles in aging and neurodegenerative disease.     

步进电机高低压驱动电路两种控制形式的比较

介绍了一种具有检测反馈控制环节的步进电机高低压驱动电路的构成、工作原理及有关参数计算.作者通过实验分析对比了传统的定时控制的高低压驱动电路、具有反馈控制的高低压驱动电路以及恒流斩波驱动电路的性能及负载能力.     

Post-mating sexual selection increases lifetime fitness of polyandrous females in the wild

Females often mate with several males before producing offspring. Field studies of vertebrates suggest, and laboratory experiments on invertebrates confirm, that even when males provide no material benefits, polyandry can enhance offspring survival. This enhancement is widely attributed to genetic benefits that arise whenever paternity is biased towards males that sire more viable offspring. Field studies suggest that post-mating sexual selection biases fertilization towards genetically more compatible males and one controlled experiment has shown that, when females mate with close kin, polyandry reduces the relative number of inbred offspring. Another potential genetic benefit of polyandry is that it increases offspring survival because males with more competitive ejaculates sire more viable offspring. Surprisingly, however, there is no unequivocal evidence for this process. Here, by experimentally assigning mates to females, we show that polyandry greatly increases offspring survival in the Australian marsupial Antechinus stuartii. DNA profiling shows that males that gain high paternity under sperm competition sire offspring that are more viable. This beneficial effect occurs in both the laboratory and the wild. Crucially, there are no confounding non-genetic maternal effects that could arise if polyandry increases female investment in a particular reproductive event because A. stuartii is effectively semelparous. Our results therefore show that polyandry improves female lifetime fitness in nature. The threefold increase in offspring survival is not negated by a decline in maternal lifespan and is too large to be offset by an equivalent decline in the reproductive performance of surviving offspring.