Life Cycle Assessment of Motor Bike and Electric Bike in Urban Areas of China

Motor bikes （m-bike） and electric bikes （e-bike） are widely used in urban areas of China. Life cycle assessment of m-bike and e-bike are presented to compare their energy use and environmental emission in a life cycle span. An m-bike and an e-bike are disassembled to collect material composition data for the life cycle assessment. The results show that e-bike consumes less energy and has less global warming potential （GWP）, biochemical oxygen demand （BOD）, chemical oxygen demand （COD）, suspended solids （SS）, dissolved solids （DS）, hydrocarbons （HC） than m-bike during life cycle. But e-bike generates more solid wastes, and more acidification potential （AP）, heavy metal （HM） than m-bike. Advanced batteries and clean coal fired power plant technologies are recommended to promote e-bike use in urban area.     

木薯燃料乙醇生命周期能源效率评价

利用生命周期评价理论，建立了木薯燃料乙醇生命周期能源效率评价模型．以总体能源消耗、化石燃料消耗、石油消耗、净能源产出和能源综合利用率为评价指标，对木薯燃料乙醇进行了生命周期能源效率评价．结果表明：与汽油相比，木薯燃料乙醇生命周期整体能源消耗增加22%，化石燃料消耗降低54%，石油消耗降低96％，净能源产出偏低45％，能源综合利用率偏低8％．木薯燃料乙醇是潜力巨大的绿色燃料．     

基于混合模型的E1O燃料生命周期评估

常规过程式生命周期评估方法在计算中会截断误差,导致评估结果被低估;投入产出方法可以避免截断误差的产生但不包括产品生命周期的使用阶段.为了对E10燃料的生命周期进行评估,建立了一个混合生命周期评估模型.生物质生产、乙醇生产/混配以及废物处理/回收3个子过程采用了投入产出生命周期评估方法,燃料燃烧子过程采用了过程式生命周期评估方法.对两种方法的排放值进行求和,计算出E10燃料生命周期VOC、CO、NOx、PM10、SOx、CH4、N2O、CO2排放值分别为21.245,321.488,26.829,3.110,5.904,9.126,3.028,31 345.721 mg/g.该结果与过程式生命周期评估结果一致.     

Allocation of Energy Use in the Biomass-based Fuel Ethanol System and Its Use in Decision Making

The Chinese government is developing biomass ethanol as one of its automobile fuels for energy security and environmental improvement reasons. The energy efficiency of the biomass-based fuel ethanol is critical issue. To investigate the energy use in the three biomass-base ethanol fuel systems, energy content approach, Market value approach and Product displacement approach methods were used to allocate the energy use based on life cycle energy assessment. The results shows that the net energy of corn based, wheat based, and cassava-based ethanol fuel are 12S43MJ, 10299MJ and 13112MJ when get one ton biomass-based ethanol, respectively, and they do produce positive net energy.     

基于混合模型的E10燃料生命周期评估

常规过程式生命周期评估方法在计算中会截断误差,导致评估结果被低估;投入产出方法可以避免截断误差的产生但不包括产品生命周期的使用阶段.为了对E10燃料的生命周期进行评估,建立了一个混合生命周期评估模型.生物质生产、乙醇生产/混配以及废物处理/回收3个子过程采用了投入产出生命周期评估方法,燃料燃烧子过程采用了过程式生命周期评估方法.对两种方法的排放值进行求和,计算出E10燃料生命周期VOC、CO、NOx、PM10、SOx、CH4、N2O、CO2排放值分别为21.245,321.488,26.829,3.110,5.904,9.126,3.028,31 345.721 mg/g.该结果与过程式生命周期评估结果一致.