教育部属高校科研质量管理体系调查研究

为解决质量管理体系在高校中的运行问题,对教育部属高校质量管理体系建立的基本情况进行了全面调研,关注体系建立的模式和存在的突出问题,重点了解体系变更和体系覆盖范围的情况,为高校科研质量管理体系的研究提供数据支持,具有重要的实际意义。     

Analysis of the human protein interactome and comparison with yeast, worm and fly interaction datasets

We present the first analysis of the human proteome with regard to interactions between proteins. We also compare the human interactome with the available interaction datasets from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) and fly (Drosophila melanogaster). Of >70,000 binary interactions, only 42 were common to human, worm and fly, and only 16 were common to all four datasets. An additional 36 interactions were common to fly and worm but were not observed in humans, although a coimmunoprecipitation assay showed that 9 of the interactions do occur in humans. A re-examination of the connectivity of essential genes in yeast and humans indicated that the available data do not support the presumption that the number of interaction partners can accurately predict whether a gene is essential. Finally, we found that proteins encoded by genes mutated in inherited genetic disorders are likely to interact with proteins known to cause similar disorders, suggesting the existence of disease subnetworks. The human interaction map constructed from our analysis should facilitate an integrative systems biology approach to elucidating the cellular networks that contribute to health and disease states.     

页岩气开发对川渝地区水资源环境的影响

 目前中国页岩气已进行大规模商业开发,但页岩气开发对当地水资源环境造成一定的风险。通过川渝两地页岩气井场实地调查和取样分析,结果表明：一方面,页岩气开发总耗水量巨大,每口井用水量约32000 m³;另一方面,水环境污染风险来自于：1）压裂返排液和钻井返排液,其成分复杂,盐度高,并含有多种重金属;2）钻进过程产生巨量的废油基泥浆和含油钻屑;3）页岩气开发地区,溶洞、裂缝、暗河发育,钻井过程易发生井漏或井喷;4）地面工程建设。因此,在页岩气开发过程中,必须精心施工,合理调配水资源,大力发展返排液处理技术,以便防止页岩气开发过程中过度消耗水资源,并避免水污染。     

2种Keggin型多金属氧酸盐化合物的合成和晶体结构

利用常规合成方法合成了2个由2,2′-联咪唑修饰的Keggin型多金属氧酸盐有机-无机杂化化合物:[H3(biim)2](C4H8O2)2[PW12O40].11H2O(1)和[H3(biim)2](C4H8O2)3[PMo12O40].3H2O(2)(H2biim=2,2′-联咪唑),并通过单晶X射线衍射、元素分析、IR光谱和电化学分析等进行了表征.结构分析表明化合物1属于单斜晶系,C2/c空间群,化合物2属于正交晶系,Pbca空间群.分子间通过静电引力作用和氢键作用形成了三维超分子网状结构.     

Gamete formation without meiosis in Arabidopsis

Apomixis, the formation of asexual seeds in plants, leads to populations that are genetically uniform maternal clones. The transfer of apomixis to crop plants holds great promise in plant breeding for fixation of heterozygosity and hybrid vigour because it would allow the propagation of hybrids over successive generations. Apomixis involves the production of unreduced (diploid) female gametes that retain the genotype of the parent plant (apomeiosis), followed by parthenogenetic development of the egg cell into an embryo and the formation of functional endosperm. The molecular mechanisms underlying apomixis are unknown. Here we show that mutation of the Arabidopsis gene DYAD/SWITCH1 (SWI1), a regulator of meiotic chromosome organization, leads to apomeiosis. We found that most fertile ovules in dyad plants form seeds that are triploid and that arise from the fertilization of an unreduced female gamete by a haploid male gamete. The unreduced female gametes fully retain parental heterozygosity across the genome, which is characteristic of apomeiosis. Our results show that the alteration of a single gene in a sexual plant can bring about functional apomeiosis, a major component of apomixis.