根据布面疵点对织物布面等级的模糊综合评判

目前我国对各类织物的评等是根据物理指标及布面疵点两方面的评等情况作出的。其中,根据布面疵点对织物布面等级的评定是由相应的国家标准(如GB407—78,GB5325—89),按照约定打分累积法进行的。虽然该评等方法具有直观,实用的优点,但由于其本身所固有的一些欠缺,使织物评等中存在着不合理的因素。本文利用模糊决策法,根据布面疵点对织物布面等级进行模糊综合评判,并建立了相应的计算机软件系统。     

Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4

Human chromosome 2 is unique to the human lineage in being the product of a head-to-head fusion of two intermediate-sized ancestral chromosomes. Chromosome 4 has received attention primarily related to the search for the Huntington's disease gene, but also for genes associated with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, polycystic kidney disease and a form of muscular dystrophy. Here we present approximately 237 million base pairs of sequence for chromosome 2, and 186 million base pairs for chromosome 4, representing more than 99.6% of their euchromatic sequences. Our initial analyses have identified 1,346 protein-coding genes and 1,239 pseudogenes on chromosome 2, and 796 protein-coding genes and 778 pseudogenes on chromosome 4. Extensive analyses confirm the underlying construction of the sequence, and expand our understanding of the structure and evolution of mammalian chromosomes, including gene deserts, segmental duplications and highly variant regions.     

Extrusion Freeforming of Millimeter-Wave Electromagnetic Bandgap (EBG) Photonic Crystals

Extrusion freeforming can be used for the rapid prototyping of millimeter-wave electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures. In this work, an alumina-polymer paste with a relatively high volatility solvent (propanol) was used and the characteristics of the ceramic paste, particularly the rheological features are described. The advantage of high volatility solvent is that the viscosity and elastic modulus of the paste are increased sharply as the solvent evaporates. Thus, the rigidity of the extruded filament is quickly increased as a small amount of solvent evaporates. Finally, by employing this procedure, different EBG structures such as 2-D, 3-D woodpile and aperiodic structures were fabricated and their bandgaps were measured. The experimental results show that extrusion freeforming is a relatively simple and easy method to fabricate these woodpile structures with a bandgap in the 90–110 GHz region.     

Effects of methoprene and juvenile hormone on the oxidative metabolism of isolated mitochondria from flight muscle ofLocusta migratoria L.

Summary In vitro applications of juvenile hormone III and a juvenile hormone analogue, methoprene, were made to mitochondria isolated from dorsal longitudinal flight muscles of adultLocusta migratoria L. Both compounds completely inhibited oxygen consumption at the highest concentrations used. At lower concentrations, state 3 respiration and respiratory control were reduced but the ADP/O ratio was largely unaffected.     

Solid Freeforming and Combinatorial Research

A view of manufacturing processes is presented in which five distinct categories are defined as casting, deformation, machining, joining, and solid freeforming. Solid freeforming is essentially biomimetic and shares problems of morphogenesis with natural processes. Our team in University of London has been exploring three mechanisms of solid freeforming. In dry powder deposition and direct ink-jet printing, the emphasis has turned to the problem of delivering a complex shape in which the three dimensional spatial arrangement of composition is delivered from the design file. In extrusion freeforming, the aim is to control microstructure at hierarchical levels also from the design file. The quest for 3-D functional gradients is satisfied by acoustic and ultrasonic dispensing and mixing of powders so that each layer can be patterned. These methods could be extended to deliver the complex patterns demanded by left-handed microwave metamaterials. Dry powder deposition and direct ink-jet printing are turning towards combinatorial methods in which multiple sample libraries are used to accelerate discovery. In turn, this paves the way for ‘autonomous research machines’ which steer their own search refinements in response to our requests for new materials. In this way, solid freeforming used for sample preparation can give an ‘arm’ to an intelligent machine so that it can conduct its own experimentation and learning; an idea that originated with Alan Turing in the late 1940s.     

Recommendations of the 2006 Human Variome Project meeting

Lists of variations in genomic DNA and their effects have been kept for some time and have been used in diagnostics and research. Although these lists have been carefully gathered and curated, there has been little standardization and coordination, complicating their use. Given the myriad possible variations in the estimated 24,000 genes in the human genome, it would be useful to have standard criteria for databases of variation. Incomplete collection and ascertainment of variants demonstrates a need for a universally accessible system. These and other problems led to the World Heath Organization-cosponsored meeting on June 20-23, 2006 in Melbourne, Australia, which launched the Human Variome Project. This meeting addressed all areas of human genetics relevant to collection of information on variation and its effects. Members of each of eight sessions (the clinic and phenotype, the diagnostic laboratory, the research laboratory, curation and collection, informatics, relevance to the emerging world, integration and federation and funding and sustainability) developed a number of recommendations that were then organized into a total of 96 recommendations to act as a foundation for future work worldwide. Here we summarize the background of the project, the meeting and its recommendations.     

Fine mapping of the red plant gene R_1 in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Sub 16 is a substitution line with G. hirsutum cv. TM-1 genetic background except that the 16th chro-mosome (Chr. 16) is replaced by the corresponding homozygous chromosome of G. barbadense cv. 3-79, and T586 is a G. hirsutum multiple gene marker line with 8 dominant mutation genes. The R1 gene for anthocyanin pigmentation was tagged in Chr. 16 in T586. The objective of this research was to screen SSR markers tightly linked with R1 by using the F2 segregating population containing 1259 plants derived from t...     

Evidence for lateral gene transfer between Archaea and bacteria from genome sequence of Thermotoga maritima.

The 1,860,725-base-pair genome of Thermotoga maritima MSB8 contains 1,877 predicted coding regions, 1,014 (54%) of which have functional assignments and 863 (46%) of which are of unknown function. Genome analysis reveals numerous pathways involved in degradation of sugars and plant polysaccharides, and 108 genes that have orthologues only in the genomes of other thermophilic Eubacteria and Archaea. Of the Eubacteria sequenced to date, T. maritima has the highest percentage (24%) of genes that are most similar to archaeal genes. Eighty-one archaeal-like genes are clustered in 15 regions of the T. maritima genome that range in size from 4 to 20 kilobases. Conservation of gene order between T. maritima and Archaea in many of the clustered regions suggests that lateral gene transfer may have occurred between thermophilic Eubacteria and Archaea.