快速响应温敏凝胶及其在生物分离中的应用研究

采用减小尺寸与加入C aCO3粒子作致孔剂两种方法,研究了如何提高共聚温敏凝胶P(N IPA-co-GM A-D ex)的响应速度.考察了不同尺寸和多孔凝胶的退溶胀动力学、再溶胀动力学,实验结果表明:减小凝胶尺寸和加入致孔剂对提高凝胶的温度响应速度是有效的.研究了P(N IPA-co-GM A-D ex)凝胶对牛血清蛋白(BSA)的浓缩分离效果,发现P(N IPA-co-GM A-D ex)凝胶对蛋白质溶液有较好的浓缩分离能力.在实验的基础上,设计了一套用于蛋白质提纯的机械模型,测试了其对蛋白质溶液的分离能力,证实了机械模型的可行性.     

GMS红外通道实时资料遥感海冰的研究

利用１９９４年１，２月的ＧＭＳ－４的红外亮温和可见光反照率资料，以辽江湾海冰为对象，得到了海冰参数的提以方法和冰厚遥感数字分布。根据冰水物理特性的差异，建立了冰水识别的判据，发现用亮温可以较好地识别冰水，由此和到了冰水区分的亮温疮阀值。     

车用微小通道蒸发器一维仿真与试验

通过蒸发器制冷能力、通风阻力、蒸发器内阻一维仿真结果与试验值比较,发现制冷剂侧两相换热区、过热区、空气侧分别采用已有的换热关联式计算时,计算值与试验值吻合度较好,误差控制在5%以内.研究了百叶窗翅片的百叶窗开角、翅片间距、翅片高度以及扁管的通道宽度、通道数对蒸发器性能的影响.对蒸发器进行了结构优化,选取了一个综合性能最优的方案,使得通风阻力下降19%,蒸发器内阻下降8.4%,制冷能力提高130W.     

Arboreality predicts Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection level in tropical direct-developing frogs

Pathogen-mediated changes in host behaviour can result from hosts altering their habitat preferences. Although infection risk with pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in amphibians is associated with environments favouring its growth, the relationship with microhabitat use has not been examined. Here, we aim to determine if microhabitats used by frogs during their nocturnal activity predict B. dendrobatidis prevalence and infection intensity. Our focal host, Eleutherodactylus coqui, is a habitat generalist that uses multiple habitats from the forest floor to the canopy. We analysed data on B. dendrobatidis occurrence in 157 adults and 122 juveniles at El Yunque National forest in Puerto Rico. We categorized each individual’s nocturnal microhabitat as forest floor, curled palm fronds in the floor, arboreal bromeliads and foliage or tree trunks 50 cm to 2.5 m above ground. We found that frogs on the forest floor had the greatest B. dendrobatidis prevalence (73%), compared with those active in vegetation above ground (55%). Overall, the probability of B. dendrobatidis infection in frogs using microhabitats on the forest floor was twice as great as for those on arboreal substrates. Differences in B. dendrobatidis prevalence and intensity in E. coqui may be explained by specific abiotic conditions of microenvironments (temperature and humidity) affecting both pathogen and host, and by the age-specific ecological requirements of hosts. Adults were found to be most active in microhabitats where individuals had lower infection burdens, suggesting pathogen-modulated habitat choice. This work has important implications for the evolutionary dynamics of enzootic diseases and provides data that may inform potential mitigation strategies against a generalist amphibian pathogen.     

The impact of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 depletion on poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity and responses to radiation

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) has been identified as a determinant of sensitivity to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Here, the consequences of its depletion on cell survival, PARP activity, the recruitment of base excision repair (BER) proteins to DNA damage sites, and overall DNA single-strand break (SSB) repair were investigated using isogenic HeLa stably depleted (KD) and Control cell lines. Synthetic lethality achieved by disrupting PARP activity in Cdk5-deficient cells was confirmed, and the Cdk5^KD cells were also found to be sensitive to the killing effects of ionizing radiation (IR) but not methyl methanesulfonate or neocarzinostatin. The recruitment profiles of GFP-PARP-1 and XRCC1-YFP to sites of micro-irradiated Cdk5^KD cells were slower and reached lower maximum values, while the profile of GFP-PCNA recruitment was faster and attained higher maximum values compared to Control cells. Higher basal, IR, and hydrogen peroxide-induced polymer levels were observed in Cdk5^KD compared to Control cells. Recruitment of GFP-PARP-1 in which serines 782, 785, and 786, potential Cdk5 phosphorylation targets, were mutated to alanines in micro-irradiated Control cells was also reduced. We hypothesize that Cdk5-dependent PARP-1 phosphorylation on one or more of these serines results in an attenuation of its ribosylating activity facilitating persistence at DNA damage sites. Despite these deficiencies, Cdk5^KD cells are able to effectively repair SSBs probably via the long patch BER pathway, suggesting that the enhanced radiation sensitivity of Cdk5^KD cells is due to a role of Cdk5 in other pathways or the altered polymer levels.     

中碳合金钢亚温淬火的铁素体量对接触疲劳寿命的影响

本文研究了42CrMo、45CrMnMo二种钢亚温淬火时,亚温淬火温度与未溶铁素体和先共析铁素体量及硬度的关系,测定了铁素体含量对接触疲劳寿命的影响.试验发现,亚温淬火含有铁素体时,接触疲劳寿命比不含铁素体的完全淬火的要好,随铁素体含量增加,接触疲劳性能不断提高,对于42CrMo钢,铁素体含量达到约10%,45CrMnMo达到约8%时,接触疲劳性能为最佳.     

密封罩吹氩喷粉过程钢液脱氮模型

通过理论计算和试验，建立了密封罩吹氩喷粉过程钢液脱氮模型，模型计算与实测值符合较好。结果表明，影响钢液含氮量的主要因素为钢液面氮分压及吹氩量，密封罩喷粉工艺可以较好地解决喷粉过程钢液的增氮问题。     

一种快速三轴全方位光电跟踪策略

为了消除两轴光电跟踪系统的跟踪盲区,提出了一种存在冗余自由度的三轴光电跟踪系统.先运用四元数方法,建立三轴光电跟踪系统的运动学模型,然后在此基础上,应用极小范数最小二乘算法,设计出一种快速三轴全方位的光电跟踪策略.该跟踪策略针对方程系数求取Moore-Pen-rose广义逆矩阵,通过对三轴光电跟踪系统的运动方程进行三角变换,得到了三轴角增量组合的极小范数最小二乘解.仿真和实验结果表明,该跟踪策略不需要复杂的寻优过程,即可真正实现三轴联动全方位连续跟踪运动,与其他跟踪策略相比,该跟踪策略在跟踪运动过程中所需的各轴转动角度更小,因此跟踪性能更加优越.