A single positively selected West Nile viral mutation confers increased virogenesis in American crows

West Nile virus (WNV), first recognized in North America in 1999, has been responsible for the largest arboviral epiornitic and epidemic of human encephalitis in recorded history. Despite the well-described epidemiological patterns of WNV in North America, the basis for the emergence of WNV-associated avian pathology, particularly in the American crow (AMCR) sentinel species, and the large scale of the North American epidemic and epiornitic is uncertain. We report here that the introduction of a T249P amino acid substitution in the NS3 helicase (found in North American WNV) in a low-virulence strain was sufficient to generate a phenotype highly virulent to AMCRs. Furthermore, comparative sequence analyses of full-length WNV genomes demonstrated that the same site (NS3-249) was subject to adaptive evolution. These phenotypic and evolutionary results provide compelling evidence for the positive selection of a mutation encoding increased viremia potential and virulence in the AMCR sentinel bird species.     

阻尼谐振子的波函数

计算了受到与速度平方成比例的力的谐振子 (HOFQV)的波函数 .     

Evolutionary distinctiveness of the endangered Kemp's ridley sea turtle

The endangered Kemp's ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempi) nests almost exclusively at a single locality in the western Gulf of Mexico, whereas the olive ridley (L. olivacea) nests globally in warm oceans. Morphological similarities between kempi and olivacea, and a geographical distribution that "...makes no sense at all under modern conditions of climate and geography", raise questions about the degree of evolutionary divergence between these taxa. Analysis of mitochondrial (mt) DNA restriction sites shows that Kemp's ridley is distinct from the olive ridley in matriarchal phylogeny, and that the two are sister taxa with respect to other marine turtles. Separation of olive and the Kemp's ridley lineages may date to formation of the Isthmus of Panama, whereas the global spread of the olive ridley lineage occurred recently. In contrast to recent examples in which molecular genetic assessments challenged systematic assignments underlying conservation programmes, our mtDNA data corroborate the taxonomy of an endangered form.     

Carbazole-type compounds in crude oils

Carbazole-type compounds were analyzed using GC and GC-MS-MS. A relatively high concentration of carbazole-type compounds was detected in crude oils of different types (marine and non-marine) and different maturities (low mature and mature) in Tarinl. Liaohe and Keilu basins. The results suggest the ratios of 1, 8-dimethyl-/2, 7-dimethylcarbazole and benu, [a] carbazole/benzo [e] carbazole might be taken as petroleum migration parameters.     

电偶极近似条件下电磁相互作用的Feynman路径积分描述

本文讨论了电偶极近似条件下的电磁相互作用。采用相空间中的Feynman路径积分，利用正则变换，计算出变质量变频率谐振子与电磁场相互作用时的传播子以及常质量常频率谐振子与电磁场相互作用时的波函数。同时也表明了传播子的形式与规范选择有关。     

沙棘研究及其生态建设思考

沙棘是一种生命力极强的灌木 ,一般生长在干燥、寒冷的贫瘠山区。在我国 ,沙棘主要分布在山西、西藏、青海、内蒙、陕西等省区 ,约占全世界沙棘资源的 90 %以上。沙棘果实和叶中含有丰富的生物活性成分 ,是珍贵的药食两用植物资源。同时沙棘还对防止水土流失、改善生态环境 ,具有十分重要的作用     

基于AHP与GIS技术的24h便利店选址适宜性评价研究 ——以厦门市思明区为例

城市整体的空间布局对于24 h便利店营业网点的选址及其经营有着很大的影响.针对目前有关24 h便利店的选址研究中缺乏对夜间特征的分析,结合层次分析法和GIS的空间分析功能,对影响24 h便利店营业网点选址的各类因素进行叠加分析与量化研究,建立24 h便利店营业网点选址适宜性评价模型.并以厦门市思明区24 h便利店为例,对该模型进行了验证,验证结果表明该模型有效、可靠,能够为城市24 h便利店营业网点的选址提供决策支持.     

基于改进模糊C均值聚类的弥散张量成像图像分割

为了避免随机选取初始聚类中心点的缺陷,利用最大最小距离的方法确定初始聚类中心点.实验结果表明,和传统的模糊C均值聚类(FCM)算法相比,所提聚类算法具有较高的稳定性和准确性,所分割的胼胝体图像边缘信息更加清晰.     

基于均匀设计和BP神经网络的花生油SFE-CO2萃取预测

利用均匀设计和BP神经网络相结合的方法,研究了SFE-CO₂萃取花生油工艺。以半烘烤并粉碎之后的花生为原料,针对萃取压力、温度、时间和CO₂流量4个因素,每个因素10个水平安排实验,利用均匀设计的实验数据作为网络训练样本,构造花生油SFE-CO₂萃取的BP神经网络预测模型,对萃取过程进行预测,分析各实验因素与出油率之间的关系,确定较优的工艺条件。最后确定4-9-1的BP神经网络模型,利用该模型所得出油率的预测值与实验值相接近,相对误差(绝对值)小于2%;构造的BP神经网络模型能较好地预测萃取过程中各参数影响下花生出油率的变化趋势。结果显示,当萃取压力30MPa,温度40.5℃,时间125min,CO₂流量187L/(h·kg)时花生出油率可达期望值47.5%。该方法为实现预测与控制SFE-CO₂萃取花生油过程奠定了可靠的理论基础。     

钢筋混凝土梁表面多裂缝扩展的试验研究

采用单模光纤和基于差分脉冲对(DPP)技术的布里渊光时域分析仪(BOTDA)对表面已有2条宽度分别为0.5和0.1mm、间距20cm裂缝的钢筋混凝土梁在一定荷载下裂缝的扩展变化进行了试验研究.将一根直径250μm的裸光纤环绕4道跨过相同裂缝,并采用不同的胶黏剂全面黏接,研究了胶黏剂粘贴效果对测量结果的影响.在梁中部加载10kN的静态荷载使裂缝扩展,将BOTDA的空间分辨率设为5cm,采样间隔设为1cm,经初步的信号处理,即可获得混凝土表面裂缝扩展的应变分布的明显变化.测量结果表明,具有高空间分辨率和较小空间采样间隔的DPP-BOTDA能比较准确地测量混凝土连续梁表面比较密集的裂缝受压扩展情况,测量结果基本不受胶黏剂的影响.