阳离子Gemini表面活性剂/水杨酸钠溶液的黏度特性

25℃恒温条件下,在不同的剪切速率范围内对2.829~7.072mmol/L浓度范围内的Gemini表面活性剂的黏度特性进行测定,以探究溶液内部的胶束结构变化。结果表明,高剪切速率时,随着剪切时间的增加,高浓度溶液中黏度快速减小至基本稳定,这表明胶束结构变化简单;低浓度溶液流变性较复杂,在高剪切速率作用下起始阶段黏度先减小,随后经历了逐渐增大和振荡降低并最终基本稳定的过程。低剪切速率时,所有浓度范围的溶液的黏度均是先增大而后减小最后趋于稳定,表明胶束结构变化相似,最显著的变化是在开始阶段都存在短时间的"应激响应过程"使得溶液黏度达到峰值。     

多线性极大算子在Orlicz空间的弱有界性估计

Orlicz空间是一类较具体的Banach空间,在Banach空间理论和应用的研究中起着非常重要的作用。定义多个单线性分数次极大算子的乘积算子为■,得到■的弱有界性,再利用■控制多线性分数次极大算子,得到多线性分数次极大算子的弱有界性。所得结果扩充了分数次极大算子在Orlicz空间的有界性结论。     

算子空间的自反性

证明了具有性质Ｃσ的σ－弱闭的算子空间是遗传自反的文（１）中的主要结果是其特殊情形。     

养老金

时间开始变了 发达国家的养老金体系运行得并不是很好。保罗·华莱斯声称需要对此进行彻底的检查。 想象一个世界,在这里,你对自己大部分的金融财产没有直接的所有权,即使这些财产远比你的房子要值钱得多;在这里,你获得的财富的多少与你付出努力的多少无关,也不会有人管你的财产是如何得到的,你会如何使用它们,它们只是被专制地和不公平地分配给你。 事实上,你根本不必作这样一种想象,     

Population-based resequencing of ANGPTL4 uncovers variations that reduce triglycerides and increase HDL

Resequencing genes provides the opportunity to assess the full spectrum of variants that influence complex traits. Here we report the first application of resequencing to a large population (n = 3,551) to examine the role of the adipokine ANGPTL4 in lipid metabolism. Nonsynonymous variants in ANGPTL4 were more prevalent in individuals with triglyceride levels in the lowest quartile than in individuals with levels in the highest quartile (P = 0.016). One variant (E40K), present in approximately 3% of European Americans, was associated with significantly lower plasma levels of triglyceride and higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in European Americans from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study and in Danes from the Copenhagen City Heart Study. The ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous variants was higher in European Americans than in African Americans (4:1 versus 1.3:1), suggesting population-specific relaxation of purifying selection. Thus, resequencing of ANGPTL4 in a multiethnic population allowed analysis of the phenotypic effects of both rare and common variants while taking advantage of genetic variation arising from ethnic differences in population history.     

Stepwise replication identifies a low-producing lymphotoxin-alpha allele as a major risk factor for early-onset leprosy

Host genetics has an important role in leprosy, and variants in the shared promoter region of PARK2 and PACRG were the first major susceptibility factors identified by positional cloning. Here we report the linkage disequilibrium mapping of the second linkage peak of our previous genome-wide scan, located close to the HLA complex. In both a Vietnamese familial sample and an Indian case-control sample, the low-producing lymphotoxin-alpha (LTA)+80 A allele was significantly associated with an increase in leprosy risk (P = 0.007 and P = 0.01, respectively). Analysis of an additional case-control sample from Brazil and an additional familial sample from Vietnam showed that the LTA+80 effect was much stronger in young individuals. In the combined sample of 298 Vietnamese familial trios, the odds ratio of leprosy for LTA+80 AA/AC versus CC subjects was 2.11 (P = 0.000024), which increased to 5.63 (P = 0.0000004) in the subsample of 121 trios of affected individuals diagnosed before 16 years of age. In addition to identifying LTA as a major gene associated with early-onset leprosy, our study highlights the critical role of case- and population-specific factors in the dissection of susceptibility variants in complex diseases.