A single positively selected West Nile viral mutation confers increased virogenesis in American crows

West Nile virus (WNV), first recognized in North America in 1999, has been responsible for the largest arboviral epiornitic and epidemic of human encephalitis in recorded history. Despite the well-described epidemiological patterns of WNV in North America, the basis for the emergence of WNV-associated avian pathology, particularly in the American crow (AMCR) sentinel species, and the large scale of the North American epidemic and epiornitic is uncertain. We report here that the introduction of a T249P amino acid substitution in the NS3 helicase (found in North American WNV) in a low-virulence strain was sufficient to generate a phenotype highly virulent to AMCRs. Furthermore, comparative sequence analyses of full-length WNV genomes demonstrated that the same site (NS3-249) was subject to adaptive evolution. These phenotypic and evolutionary results provide compelling evidence for the positive selection of a mutation encoding increased viremia potential and virulence in the AMCR sentinel bird species.     

地震是毫无规律的吗？

1985年美国联邦地质调查局曾预报,在1993年之前,很可能就在1988年1月左右,加利福尼亚Parkfield附近的圣·安德鲁斯断层上将发生一次6级地震.其根据是那儿曾发生过的地震的规律性.在历史上,大型地震曾分别于1857年、1881年、1901年、1922年、1934年和1966年在那儿爆发,而且虽然早期各次地震的规模和地点都是不确定的,但根据最近期地震的完好记录,却发现它们之间存在着惊人的相似之处.     

常温快速锌系磷钝化工艺

讨论了薄板及其配件在喷漆前的化学预处理工艺方法。通过优化实验，确定了化学预处理的工艺流程、磷化液组成及工艺条件。生产实践表明，常温、快速锌系磷钝化工艺能够得到均匀、细致的磷化膜，提高了与涂漆层的结合力。     

甲壳质在氢氧化钠－醇－水体系中的脱乙酰基反应

分别以８种一元醇和水做溶剂，配制成不同ＮａＯＨ浓度及醇水比的溶液，在此溶液中进行了甲壳质脱乙酰反应．发现，不同醇、氢氧化钠浓度、醇水比、搅拌都对反应速度有明显的影响．甲壳质在氢氧化钠－醇－水体系中进行脱乙酰反应，要比在氢氧化钠水溶液中容易进行．还初步探讨了醇在体系中的作用     

基于Matlab的数字FIR滤波器设计

介绍了有限冲击响应数字滤波器的设计和利用窗函数设计FIR滤波器的方法，以及运用Matlab语言实现低通FIR滤波器的设计。     

Coupling superconducting qubits via a cavity bus

Superconducting circuits are promising candidates for constructing quantum bits (qubits) in a quantum computer; single-qubit operations are now routine, and several examples of two-qubit interactions and gates have been demonstrated. These experiments show that two nearby qubits can be readily coupled with local interactions. Performing gate operations between an arbitrary pair of distant qubits is highly desirable for any quantum computer architecture, but has not yet been demonstrated. An efficient way to achieve this goal is to couple the qubits to a 'quantum bus', which distributes quantum information among the qubits. Here we show the implementation of such a quantum bus, using microwave photons confined in a transmission line cavity, to couple two superconducting qubits on opposite sides of a chip. The interaction is mediated by the exchange of virtual rather than real photons, avoiding cavity-induced loss. Using fast control of the qubits to switch the coupling effectively on and off, we demonstrate coherent transfer of quantum states between the qubits. The cavity is also used to perform multiplexed control and measurement of the qubit states. This approach can be expanded to more than two qubits, and is an attractive architecture for quantum information processing on a chip.     

活性铁保鲜剂对米花糖保鲜效果的研究

以荷花牌米花糖为材料，采用自制活性铁保鲜剂处理，用铝箔复合袋包装，室温下储藏，在四个月储藏期内测定了米花糖的感观指标和理化卫生指标。结果表明：在夏季高温（最高气温４２℃，储藏室温度３８℃）条件下储藏四个月后，活性铁处理组米花糖的感官指标保持基本不变，酸值（ＡＶ）、过氧化值（ＰＯＶ）、羰基值（ＣＶ）和丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）等理化卫生指标显著低于对照组。活性铁处理组的保鲜效果明显优于对照组。