N-Monomethyl-arginine and nicotinamide prevent streptozotocin-induced double strand DNA break formation in pancreatic rat islets

The impact of short term in vitro exposure to the diabetogenic drug streptozotocin on pancreatic islet glucose metabolism, insulin secretion, DNA fragmentation and cell viability, was studied. Streptozotocin impaired cell viability as well as insulin secretion and the oxidation of glucose. These effects were partially counteracted by inhibition of the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase with N-monomethyl-arginine and by scavenging oxygen free radicals with nicotinamide. Isolated islets underwent double strand DNA fragmentation after 24 h in culture. The degree of DNA breakdown was strongly enhanced by exposure of the islet DNA was obtained with N-monomethyl-arginine and nicotinamide. These data suggest that the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species is involved in the deleterious action of streptozotocin on pancreatic islet tissue. A role for oxygen radicals generated during streptozotocin-induced islet cell damage as possible mediators of the expression of the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase and the scavenging action of nicotinamide on these radicals, is then proposed.     

Rapid reversion of aging phenotypes by nicotinamide through possible modulation of histone acetylation

Aging appears to be an irreversible process. Here we report that nicotinamide (NAA) can induce rapid and reversible reversion of aging phenotypes in human diploid fibroblasts in terms of cell morphology and senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. Although NAA seems to enhance the replicative potential of the cells, it has little effect on their growth rate and life span, suggesting that NAA action is rather separated from the cellular replicative system. The effects are unique to NAA: none of the NAA-related compounds examined (an NAD precursor/niacin, NAD analogs, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors) exerted similar effects. Thus, NAD-related metabolism and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation are unlikely related to the NAA action. On the other hand, histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity was elevated in NAA-exposed cells, while in aged cells, HAT activity and histone H4 acetylation were lowered. Taken together, the results suggest that NAA may cause rejuvenation by restoring, at least in part, altered gene expression in aged cells through its activation of HAT. Received 27 August 2001; received after revision 15 October 2001; accepted 15 October 2001     

Apoptosis Induced by High Concentrations of Nicotinamide in Tobacco Suspension Cells

As an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), nicotinamide has a restraining effect on apoptosis at certain low concentrations. In our present study, apoptosis induced by high concentrations of nicotinamide was observed in tobacco suspension cells. When cells were preincubated with 250 mmol/L nicotinamide for 24 h, the hallmarks of apoptosis were detected, including DNA fragments increasing in size by multiples of 180-200 bp，the condensation and peripheral distribution of nuclear chromatin, and a positive reaction to the TUNEL assay. At the same time, the degradation of PARP and the reduction in the potential of the inner membrane of mitochondria appeared in apoptotic cells induced by high concentrations of nicotinamide. This result indicates that apoptosis induced by high concentrations of nicotinamide is associated with caspase-3-1ike activity and with the opening of mitochondrial permeability pores. These results partially support the hypothesis that high concentrations of PARP inhibitor could force cells to enter an apoptotic pathway by delay of DNA repair in replicating cells.     

Assaying poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity in plants by polarographic method

A new method has been developed to assay poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity in plant tissues through determining the content of nicotinamide (NIC) produced by enzymatic reaction by linear sweeping polarographic method. The detection limit of NIC was 0.03μmol/L, the calibration graph was linear up to 5 Mmol/L ( r = 0.999). The recoveries were approximately in the range of 92% to 98% and the relative standard deviations were less than 6.6% . Moreover, NAD+ and other interference existing in the mixture after enzymatic reaction had been removed by simple pretreatment, thus PARP assays were not interfered. A rapid, simple, sensitive and reliable nonisotopic method is reported to assay PARP activity in plant tissues . The results show that the KmNAD+ value of PARP in maize ( Zea mays L.) seedlings is 59 and the optimum pH for PARP activity is 8.5. Moreover, physiological conditions affect PARP activity in plant tissues, which has not been reported previously. When tobacco ( Nico-tiana tobacum) suspension cells were stressed by NaCI at low concentrations (100, 200 mmol/ L), the PARP activity increased significantly; when the cells were stressed at high concentrations (400, 1 000 mmol/L), it decreased to or even below the control level. PARP activity in etiolated maize seedlings was higher than that in light-grown seedlings.     

反相离子对高效液相色谱法同时测定药物中维生素B_1,B_2,B_6,B_(12)和PP

采用反相离子对高效液相色谱法同时测定药物中的维生素B_1,B_2,B_6,B_(12),和PP;叶酸在相同条件下也能分离完全。所用的分离柱为μBondapak C_(18);流动相为乙腈,0.01 mol/L磷酸二氢钾和三乙胺(14∶85.5∶0.5(体积比)),内含5 mmol/L十二烷基磺酸钠离子对试剂(简称PIC B_(12))和1.5％氯化钾并以磷酸调pH至2.78～2.82;组分以UV 254 nm检测。回收率为91％～104％,变异系数为1.0％～4.6％。     

HPLC法测定维生素口服液中烟酰胺质量浓度

采用高效液相色谱法测定维生素口服液中烟酰胺的质量浓度.色谱柱为ODS-C18柱(HypersilODS2,4.6mm×150mm,5μm),流动相为1-癸烷磺酸钠溶液(1.22→850)∶乙腈∶磷酸=850∶150∶1,流速为1.0mL/min;检测波长为280nm.烟酰胺在10～100μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=1 0000),平均回收率为98.33%,RSD=0.66%(n=9).结果表明,本方法简便,准确,快速,灵敏度高、重现性好.     

Cell Toxicity Effect of Cadmium on Yeast Cells by Detecting NADH Autofluorescence

The cytotoxic effect of cadmium is studied by detecting intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidea（NADH） autofluorescence in this work. NADH autofluorescence in processes of cadmium-induced apoptosis, necrosis and reversible injury are recorded timely. The relativity between time course of NADH autofluorescence and cadmium toxicity is established. The cell toxicity effect of Cadmium on yeast cells is studied by detecting the time courses of intracellular reduced NADH autofluorescence in this work. The relativity between time courses of NADH autofluorescence and Cadmium toxicity is established.     

Nicotinamide-Induced Apoptosis Can Be Enhanced by Melatonin in Mouse Myeloma Cells

Introduction Apoptosis is a genetically controlled cell death process which is indispensable to embryogenesis, organ devel- opment, homeostasis, and pathological processes in the life cycle of living things. Apoptosis is characterized by a series of typic…     

NAD+在纳米金胶上的组装、表征及其应用研究

将NAD+ 固定在纳米金胶 半胱胺修饰的金电极表面构建一种新型的纳米仿生功能界面 ,用电化学交流阻抗、反射紫外 可见光谱和电化学分析法对其组装过程以及活性进行了表征 .基于这种功能界面构建的新型酶生物传感器对乳酸的电催化响应呈现良好的线性 ,米氏常数为 8.8μmol/L ,检测限为 6.0× 1 0 -8mol/L (S/N =3) ,且对NAD+ 的再生和对乳酸的电化学响应机理进行了研究     

烟酰胺对紫色红曲菌生长和次级代谢产物合成的影响

以北京市食品添加剂工程技术研究中心实验室保藏的 Monacolin K产量稳定的紫色红曲菌M1为出发菌株,利用紫外-可见分光光度法、超高效液相色谱法以及实时荧光定量PCR法,通过测定红曲色素含量、Monacolin K含量等,探究烟酰胺添加对红曲菌合成次级代谢产物的影响。结果表明:实验组红、橙、黄3种色素产量与对照组菌株相比均有所降低；Monacolin K产量较对照组提高了31.34%,达到124.23mg/L。电镜观察发现,实验组菌株的孢子头和菌丝体褶皱程度明显多于对照组菌株。实时荧光定量PCR发现,实验组与Monacolin K产量相关的mokA、mokB、mokC、mokD、mokE、mokF、mokG和mokH基因的表达量均呈上调趋势,而mokI基因呈下调趋势。实验以烟酰胺为添加物进行探究,以期为红曲菌培养基优化,高产Monacolin K产品筛选提供参考。